High Attrition Rate at Call Center Industry: an Hr Manager’s View

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION This Research Proposal is being presented to the Faculty of the Department of Human Resource Development & Management Entitled: High Turnover Rate and Employee Benefits in Call Center Industries: The HR Manager’s View By: Buotan, Aldrin M. Dimaculangan, Rey Karl A. Flores, John Andrew S. Malabanan, John Peter M. Marquez, Gerard Ephraim L. Tagunicar, Cedie N. September 1, 2012 Espana, Manila IntroductionToday’s best companies understand the real key to maintaining a world-class workforce is not just to hire the best employees, but to keep them once they are hired. Retaining progressive workforce has not been an easy task to every employer or organization and thus becomes a real challenge to cope up with the fast pace business world currently we are on and if this fails, surely high turnover rates will occur and will be prominent in an organization. An employee turnover rate refers to the movement o f employees out of an organization.It is often cited as one of the factors behind the failure of an employee productivity rate and is also one of the chief determinants of labour supply (Snell & Bohlander, 2010, Principles of Human Resource Management, 15th edition, United States, p,415). Competing organizations are constantly looking to steal top performers, and â€Å"poaching talent is becoming an increasingly common way for organizations to build themselves them up as a larger company to be able to expand and earn more profits, while at the same time tearing their competitors down (Noe et. l. 2010, Human Resource management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, 7th edition, New York, p461). Turnover comes in good times and in bad, to good companies and to those that are struggling of every size. Losing a good and talented employee is never easy, and sometimes is predictable, but sometimes, it can be prevented, â€Å"you can’t run a service business when you are at war with y our employees† (Greg Davdidowitch, Noe et. al, 2010, Human Resource Management: Gaining Competitive Advantage, 7th edition, New York).Knowing the rate of turnover at a certain organization is the first step to understanding whether employees’ departs within the range of normal for a type of business and industry. Turnover is a key benchmark in assessing the health and stability of organizations. A high turnover rate suggests there may be something wrong with the basic structure of a company, its salary levels or even its benefits. Too high turnover rate can also mean that an organization is losing productivity and knowledge, including an understanding of products and processes. The consequences of the loss are both financial and in the morale of those who remain.Leading reasons that employees give for their departure: a better opportunity or increased responsibilities, higher pay or more benefits, or they are moving to a different location. Benefits may one of the best reasons to reduce turnover rate and increase the retention in an industry. Employee benefits that is part of the total compensation package, other than pay for a worker, provided employees in whole or in part by employer payments, example of which are life insurance, pension, workers compensation and vacation (Milkovich, G & Newman, J1984, Compensation, New York, p. ). Employee benefits are compensations given to employees in addition to regular salaries or wages. Some benefits are legally required, e. g. , social security benefits, Medicare, retirement benefits, maternity benefits, service incentive leave, etc. Other benefits are offered by the employer as an incentive to attract and retain employees as well as increase employee morale and improve job performance (Labor and Employment Blawg†¦ A work in progress, June 1, 2010, Philippine Labor Laws, < http://www. laborlaw. usc-law. rg>, viewed: August 22, 2012). Aside from giving benefits mandate by law, there are other benefit s that an industry can offer to reduce their turnover rate. Our study will focus on how an industry uses its turnover rate in making decisions to improve their benefits program. The researchers have chosen the call center industries in the Philippines to best suit their subject matter about employee turnover rate and benefits. There are certain reports and data that shows the high turnover rate over call center industries locally.Turnover rate in the country’s call center has gotten so worse that it has hit 60 to 80 percent, according to the Call Center Association of the Philippines (CCAP) (AURELIO A. PENA, Davao Today March 20, 2008, http://www. gmanetwork. com/news/story/85640/news/specialreports/rp-call-centers-reel-from-world-s-highest-turnover, viewed: 8/20/2012). Globally, it is an accepted norm in the industry to have a 30 to 40 per cent turnover. Both Australia and India call centers have turnover rates of only six to 10 percent.Top government officials are alarmed t hat an emerging industry that has generated around 2 billion US dollars in annual revenues is reeling from a worsening turnover crisis. Labor accounts for between 65% and 75% of the ongoing costs of running a contact center. But employee turnover is so high in the call center industry that much of that money is spent on repeated efforts to hire and train people who aren’t right in the first place, and/or are managed ineffectively, resulting in high turnover.Call center organizations have come to accept that a recurring percentage of their workforce will have to be replaced every year. Those replacements will have to be found, assessed and trained. And then the cycle will repeat again, as a percentage of those new hires will in turn leave. The average turnover is about 35% in the call center industry, which means – in three years, an entire contact center agent pool will have been turned over (Inova Solutions, July 5, 2011, â€Å"Reducing Agent Turnover in Contact Cent ers† viewed 8/20/2012, http://blog. novasolutions. com/2011/). This studies shows that there are certainly high turnover rates on call center industries in the Philippines. A study conducted by Datacraft Asia in 2009 suggested that Asian call center agents are aware of the large demand for their service, so they are confident that they can easily land a new job after they resign. Better salary offer from other call center outsourcing firms, tight and shifting schedules, stress from dealing with difficult customers and lack of holiday breaks are also causing many agents to leave their job.Also, allegations of labor code violations in small call centers are on the rise. Some agents who did not receive incentives or bonuses as promised during recruitment are likely to terminate their contract (Eli, May 24 2011, Philippine call center outsourcing industry fights attrition rate, http://outsourceyourcallcenter. com, viewed: 8/20/2012). Due to this high turnover rates that are curren tly in call center industries, there are certain solutions pertaining to benefits and motivation that could help to lower down the high turnover on call center industries.Government mandated benefits such as: Social Security System (SSS) contributions, Philippine Health Insurance (Phil Health) contributions, Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-ibig Fund) contributions, 13th month pay, service incentive leave, meal and rest periods, overtime pay, special holiday/rest day rates, and night shift differentials and company benefits such as: holiday bonus, mid-year bonus, and paid holiday and vacation leaves (Honey Amabelle D. Young, March 8, 2012, â€Å"Employee Benefits in the Philippines†, weblog, viewed: August 22, 2012, < asyoutsource. om/blog/>). With these benefits, call center industries will surely lower down their turnover rate and could save more money on costly training and development programs. Other companies give a little more than the minimum benefits required by law in order to be competitive or at least be at par with community or industry practices. There are also employers who give more benefits than required out of compassion for employees who are loyal to the company. Managers of call center face many challenges.They are responsible for operations that are capital intensive, with a high demand for continual investment to keep up with rapid developments in technology. They are also responsible, in many cases, for large numbers of staff often working with different shifts. Human resources manager in call center industries plays a vital role in valuing employees to reduce high turnover rate and improve their company retention capability. HR managers have the â€Å"bird’s eye† view on what is happening on personnel related issued on an industry.Their views on issues such as turnover rates and giving benefits to their employees are important points to consider because they are the one who would create certain solutions to such pro blems for the more efficient and smoother run of a call center industry. As HR students and future HR managers, the researchers would like to understand and to get the views and insights of HR managers on this phenomenon and find out if there are improvements to employee benefits to lower this turnover rates.As HR students, the researchers would like to spearhead this study in order to analyze and make realistic solutions that could help the call center industries on this growing phenomenon. The researchers will conduct a semi-structured interview to the HR Manager of call center industries here in the Philippines. The following central questions will guide the interviewers: 1. ) How do Human Resources Managers view on the high turnover rate on call center industries? 2. ) What new benefits are implemented to reduce turnover rate and what changes in employee benefits were introduced to improve employee retention?Our study will focus on how a call center industry uses its turnover ra te in making decisions to improve their benefits program rates in call center industries. Methodology Research Design The research design that the researchers adapted in this study is phenomenological research design, particularly the transcendental or psychological phenomenology. This design aims to get the meaning of as this is a qualitative analysis of narrative data, methods to analyze its data must be quite different from more traditional or quantitative methods of research (Janet Waters, â€Å"Psychology; Capillano University, viewed: August, 25, 2012, http://www2. apilanou. ca). This type of research design is the most effective in terms of expressing the essence of how high turn-over rate shapes the organizations’ benefit system. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers has gathered — Human Resource Managers from different Call Centers Companies, both Local(PacificHub) and International(HSBC and PhilAm Life) Companies, who have an adequate years of experience in dealing with the prevalent High Turn-Over rate in their previous and present employers.The subjects’ group age ranges from late 20s to the late 40s with the average years of experience of 3 to 10 years from the same employers. The researcher adopts a person-centered and holistic perspective. It helps to generate an in-depth account that will help the researcher a picture of reality regarding their lived experience to answer the researcher inquiry about the subject. The researchers will conduct their interview by setting a date time for each manager during the collection of data or their answers regarding the interview.The Researchers will proceed to the process of meeting the manager and Data Collection. Each session may last up to 2 hours, depending on the interviewee’s length of views and insights on their experiences also known as Extended Interview. Story telling will be conducted also to ask the emotions of the HR Manager and his/her intellectual memory and con sciousness about the turnover rate in call center industries. The Researcher has chosen Call Canter Companies that has attrition rate of 30 to 40 % to be able to qualify as a reliable source of information about the topic. Data ExploitationDuring the interview, the main concern of the researchers was to get the view of HR manager in the high turnover rate and the benefits given? The questionnaire for HR mangers shall include their robotfoto (Kelchtermans & Ballet 2002), basis on the rate of employee turnover in the last 3 years, number of employees employed and the employee benefits or other discretionary benefits given. The researchers will be using an interview to gather the participants' descriptions of their experience, or the participants' written or oral self-report, or even their aesthetic expressions (e. . art, narratives, or poetry, essays). The phenomenon of high turnover rate is the main subject of this research and how the HR managers have experienced it in call center i ndustries. This research is going to be conducted by taking interview; Interview is the appropriate method for collecting of data and giving a questionnaire to the Human Resource managers with full knowledge in the call center industry chosen by the researchers, to find out their view on the high turnover rate and benefits given to their employees.The HR Managers are chosen by their number of years in service in the industry. After the researchers gather the essential data for their research, they will, and then follow the Collaizi’s Procedure, reading and re-reading of the interview and analyzing or extraction of the information to significant statements or quotes and coming up with the categories (Cool Analysis) and combines the statements into themes (Warm Analysis).The researchers will develop phenomenal referents of the person’s interviewed. After this procedure, the researchers can gather the data by the use of data analytic tools in data reduction such as Repert ory or Kelly Grid in order to categorized and give themes to the insights/referents of the manager. Study site Data Gathering Procedure

Cue for Treason by Geoffrey Trease Essay

A hero is someone idolized by others for their outstanding achievements and qualities. Everyone has their own meanings of the word hero; some people might think a hero is someone who wears costumes and fights crime where as someone else might think of a hero as someone who fights for a country for example, a soldier. Peter Brownrigg, of the novel Cue for Treason by Geoffrey Trease is the most heroic characters in my opinion. His persistent, selfless, and courageous personality exemplified their heroism. These personality traits make Peter the most heroic characters of Cue for Treason. It takes persistence for a hero to overcome any unexpected difficulties presented to them. Near the end of Cue for Treason, Peter tried his best to sabotage Sir Philip Morton’s plan to assassinate the Queen. This is one piece of evidence where Peter’s heroic qualities is shown because he fought against multiple conspirators, but he has not given up once.. Another example of where Peter’s persistence was shown is when he was hiding from Sir Philip Morton inside the chest at the theatre. â€Å"It was hot in the chest, but I was afraid to come out. I could never be sure, even when there was silence around me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Trease, 48-49). In this scenario, Peter also portrayed his persistent characteristics by hiding in the hot chest in fear of being found by Sir Philip Morton. This once again portrayed that Peter was heroic because he knew he had to stay hidden in order to protect the identities of the people involved in the tearing down of Sir Philip Morton’s wall. Peter’s persistence was shown once again when he was swimming through the waters of Ullswater. This quote from Cue for Treason also supports the fact that he is persistent, heroic and not selfish. I mustn’t give up. I mustn’t give up†¦ Everything depended on my reaching that thin line of gray shingle, that fringe of oaks and pines. If I gave up now, and let myself slip down into the sweet peace of green water, the Queen would be murdered and the kingdom thrown into anarchy. Thousands of Englishmen would die in the quarrel†¦ That was what kept me swimming. It wasn’t just the life of an old lady with a crown. It was for all of us (Trease 201-202). Selflessness is the trait that portrays heroes and allow heroes to put others before themselves. This quote portrayed that Peter is not selfish because he knew many lives were at stake and that he could not give up for the sake of those lives. Peter left his house willingly to protect his family, friends, and neighbours from Sir Philip Morton. This made him heroic and not selfish because he was risking his own life, but at the same moment he was protecting the lives of others whom which he cares for. Later on, Peter grew to care for his companion Kit. â€Å"I was in command for the moment. I’d have given a lot for Kit’s company, but I knew I wasn’t justified in taking her.† (Trease, 179). Peter decided not to let Kit go with him to search for Tom in the Peel tower. This was an example of his heroic and non selfish traits because he did not want to put Kit’s life in danger. Furthermore, Peter showed he was selfless when the Queen asked him what he wanted in return for having saved her life. I looked at her. What did I want? †¦ We have never sought wealth or honors-your true statesman will not take even a knighthood†¦ ‘Your Majesty,’ I said, ‘there are some common which have been ours and our neighbors’ from time immemorial. Sir Philip stole them and enclosed them for himself. Will you hand them back to us and confirm us in possession of them forever?’ (Trease, 281) Even when Peter was given the possibility of having anything he desired, Peter requested for the return of the land that Sir Philip Morton took away from his friends and family. This portrayed heroism and selflessness because Peter was thinking of his community and requested for the one thing that would benefit his whole community. Heroes need courage to face the challenges that awaits them. Peter displays his courageous trait when he decides to leave Cumberland by himself. â€Å"I knew I couldn’t stand torture. If the law let them do that, even a little of it, I know I should blurt out the names of every man and boy who’d been there that night.† (Trease, 30). This demonstrates Peter’s courage because he knew that he had to leave to protect those he cared for. Another example of him being courageous was when he decided to enter the Peel tower without Kit’s company. Tom had once told us that, if anything ever happened to him, we were to go to the nearest sheriff or magistrate and get him to send word†¦ But the present business might be so urgent that this wouldn’t be sufficient†¦ Could we afford to stand still and do nothing for so long? (Trease, 180) Peter thought about whether or not to follow Tom’s order. This showed Peter’s heroic qualities to shine because he had respect for higher authority, but he knew he had to not follow the instructions since lives were at stake. In my opinion Peter Brownrigg is the most heroic character in Cue for Treason. His persistent personality helped him to endure the challenges of his journeys. Furthermore, he was not selfless for the happiness and safety of his family and friends. Lastly, he was courageous enough to perform risky actions. A hero is an individual distinguished for their exceptional abilities and accomplishments.

Indian Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indian Economy - Research Paper Example Another feature of an emerging market is proper governance and India is being governed by a very rational and open-minded parliament. Some credit also goes to Indian army for that as India has never faced Military coups or any other embarrassing situation like that where power is snatched from the representative of the people and given to one sole dictator. This economics stability has earned India a title of "Largest democracy in the world". One must keep in mind is that economic stability is imperative for fast growth. The reason behind why countries around India who are blessed with the same natural characteristics as India and high populations have never been able to reach the level of India, when it comes to economic growth. Almost all countries surrounding India suffer from instable political system and periods of military coups occasionally, but the real credit goes to patriotic Indian army, which has never been temped into launching a coup against their own people. This has e arned India a escalated position not only in the Asian economics but also in the world economics, where Indian case studies adorn the history, present and future. (theindianpolitics, 2009) A land of around 1.5 billion people, India's climb in the social and economic spheres has been tremendous over the past few years. During this time, India has grown from strength to strength. Proving all its doubters wrong, India is reaching great new heights at a very fast pace. This growth of India is not confined only to their economy, but let it be any facet; India is growing rapidly in an attempt to escalate to nadir. India is leaving its mark on just economic progress and development but all sphere of life or all fields where it can grow any further. For example, social growth of India can be judged by the fact that entire Asia is intimating European culture, but Europe and Western Nations are intimating India's culture. India's film industry, "bollywood" has penetrated western market and became the second largest film industry of the world after Hollywood. This great success of bollywood and Indian culture has given India exposure to far flung areas and contributed heavily in the recognition of India all around the world. As a result of all this factors and blessed with tremendous amount of useful natural resources, such as cheap and skilled labor, tropical climate, great fertile land etc. (Vyas, 2003) India has become a business hub and all trading and business activities are diverting towards India. Owing to all these factors and great trust shown by the foreign investor towards India, Bombay Stock Market is growing around 17% annually which is comparable to the richest stock markets like New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) etc. Apart from the rise in Money markets such as stock exchange, India has also grown four-fold in its retail sectors. Almost every product whether big or small, technological or manual, mechanical or electrical is being produced in India and is being distributed through a well-developed chain of proper infrastructure and distribution channel. This organized retail sector is dominated by industrial and manufacturing giants like Tata, Pantaloons, Reliance and AirTel. These firm have made India recognizable allover the world. India's recent economic trends have forced even the most cautious of the economists to believe that India is going to be the next big economy of the world. The economy has been a star in the last few years growing from

Kant, Fundamental Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant, Fundamental Principles - Essay Example Because if the will behind these things are bad, so will the actions be bad. Intelligence can be used to create things which help the world or which harm it. Courage can be good in the fact of danger or it can exercised without moderation and result in more danger. A person acts out of moral duty if the only reason he commits is the act is out of recognition that he has a moral duty. Moral duty requires understanding the value of the morality of an act. It is good will that that is the motivation for duty and nothing else. 3. A maxim is a subjective principle, e.g., I keep promises, and Kant claims that actions derive their moral worth from the maxims behind the actions. Another way to put this might be that the goodness of an action is based on the why the action was performed. Give an example of the same action being performed by two different people, e.g., giving money to charity, and explain how the second person's action can be morally superior to the first person's action. Example 2: A person is being held hostage in a house by an escaped convict when the police knock on the door. Because they believe the convict's story that he was unfairly convicted and therefore innocent, the person refuses to answer the door. Even if one is under the most difficult of circumstances, Kant disallows the notion of universalizing such a concept. Although the invidual lie could be willed, applying it universally would be incoherent in the sense that it would turn every promise into a false, empty promise. 5. Write a brief essay in which you describe a biomedical scenario, identify a moral question arising from it, and resolve the question by applying the categorical imperative to the scenario. You must state the categorical imperative in your essay. A recent real-life scenario brought to the forefront an analysis of Kantian ethics in the biomedical field. During the ravages of Hurricane Katrina several elderly people housed in a nursing home were left to the ethical considerations of doctors and nurses. Lines of communication with family members of patients were non-existent, power supplies were down and nutrition delivery severely compromised. In addition, the lack of an adequate response from the government left medical personnel with the distinct impression that they could be caring for these patients for several days, if not weeks, before help arrived. Faced the horror of allowing these patients to suffer needlessly for who knew how long or to allow them to die peacefully in their sleep, an ethical dilemma was definitely being presented to them. Kant's categorical imperative impels us to act "according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law." In other words, if the doctors and nurses under these circumstances chose to enact mercy

Foreign policies of the European Union regarding military operations Essay

Foreign policies of the European Union regarding military operations - Essay Example prolonging to engage in WTO negotiations to attain an inspirational formula for dismantling of tariff structures, which are footed on its suggestion of a simple Swiss formula together with flexibilities that would fit into applied tariff. Further, EU will also examine further trade liberalisation mainly through sectoral approaches, which include goods of specific interest to developing nations and for chief EU precedence sectors, especially footwear, clothing and textiles, leather thereby directing to an intersection of market access norms among WTO members around the minimum potential stages of protection and dealing efficiently with non-tariff barriers. The truth is that EU converses with a â€Å"single voice† in trade which has facilitated it to impact the distributional results of international trade dialogues and to outline the global political economy. EU has made substantial efforts in liberalising the sway on trading of services on an international basis and has vigorously added to the development of global norms within the structure of WTO intended to stop unilateralism. As per Featherstone and Ginsberg, (1996) one of the most pivotal provinces that had been addressed by Europe’s common foreign policy is the traditional mutual relations by European member states with the USA which has added a European-US component connoting that relations with the US has mostly acknowledged by this transformation on the European side. Moreover, the European-US joint policies have more thoroughly synchronised and there have been many instances of mutual â€Å"backing.† (Tonra & Christiansen 2004:11). Further the association of EU with the Soviet Union and erstwhile Eastern Europe has been systematically reassessed and redesigned. Though the policies involving Eastern and Central Europe and the Soviet Union which were initiated in 1980s were conflicting during the initial years but after the Copenhagen Summit in June 1993, they were changed into a standpoint on EU’s

Batman versus Superman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Batman versus Superman - Essay Example We can initiate the discussion by discussing Superman, also known as Clark Kent. The origins for this comic character can be described as one that has gone through considerable changes and ret-cons during its tenure however the basic essence of his origin remains similar – Superman comes from another planet by the name of Krypton in a rocket, the survivor of a apocalypse which effectively destroys his home; he was shipped off to a new destination – Planet Earth. It was here that he finds a new home for himself with a small caring family in Smallville; Jonathan and Martha Kent who long for a child and hence raise him as their own. There are several versions of the journey that Clark undertakes some talk about his ability to use his powers beginning from a very young age and hence leading to him transitioning to the young super hero, Superboy. However this version was discarded mainly because it brought up inconsistencies as far a Chronological time line was concerned. Cl ark Kent’s move into the city of Metropolis and his work as a reporter mark the beginning of his secret identity as Superman as he starts to form a line of defense against his foes such as Lex Luthor, Braniac, etc. The identity of Superman is a major source of conflict and debate for the numerous fans that can talk about a length on the topic. There are two main sides of the pending arguments; the first being that Superman is the real identity of the character and that Clark Kent can rightly be categorized as his alter ego; this being mainly justified due to this birth on another planet and his powers being innate rather than acquired during his life. On the other hand there is a considerable fan base that argues that Clark Kent only just so happens to be Superman; the primary bases for this argument being the fact that he was raised by Martha and Jonathon to be human and it was during a later part of his life that he realized that he had powers (Jacobs, 2011). Either way the re comes intersecting lines of agreement as far as Superman persistently kept his polite and meek ego adopt a pattern of behavior vastly divergent from that of Superman. As a superhero he was fearless and confident whereas Clark comes off as more clumsy and quiet individual. Clark reinforces his secret identity so firmly that he even fools the people who are close to him n his life. An excellent example is that of Lois Lane, Clark’s romantic interest and co-worker who despite working with him in such close proximity never comes to the realization that the Clark and Superman was the same individual. Showing just how effective his cover was and how great a transition the character undertakes when it comes to swapping a pair of glasses and redoing his hair. Superman’s brand of justice is an extension of his own personality where he prioritizes protecting and saving the lives of innocent victims who are in imminent peril over chasing down villains when a threatening situat ion, a crisis or an emergency unfolds. It is only after he is convinced that innocent lives are protected from danger and that everyone is safe that the will tackle the main peril at hand. Batman is a

Jackson the leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jackson the leader - Essay Example However, he was alleged to have more political main appointments and many people have reservations regarding his honesty and objectives. Jackson endeavored to present a constitutional reform to eliminate Electoral College System and restrict the President’s incumbency to only one term, maybe because of resentment in the 1824 election. The constitutional reform never gained importance and advancement; nevertheless, the 22nd amendment was passed in 1947 and according to this amendment, the President’s tenure was restricted to just two terms. Jackson was also on front line in opposing the â€Å"American System† that was a greater part during the Presidency of John Quincy Adams, revolving around the Second Bank of the USA, an extremely secured tariff, and inner system of advancements. The Nullification Crisis The Tariff Issues was one of the most significant aspects of Jackson’s presidency. As a result of a tariff that displayed incommensurately in Southern ru ral states, USA went into nullification calamities. Southern states acknowledged the tariff of 1828 as unacceptable to claim their constitutional rights and insisted that it is required to be canceled. South Carolina was the home of Vice President, John Calhoun, whose endorsement of nullification led to his political separation with Jackson. Jackson had very hard time dealing with the nullifiers during the 1832 election. He even had to threaten at one point to send the Army into South Carolina to ensure the implementation of laws. The nullification of tariff came to an end in 1833 in South Carolina when a new conciliated tariff was ultimately approved. The Bank of the United States Jackson is also well reputed for his opposition to National bank of USA, as he had firm belief that this bank provided more facilities and benefits to the rich people than poor people and it was inhibitor of liberty. Jackson struggled to reinstate private economic organizations and agriculture states. For this purpose, he decided to put an end to the National Bank of USA. Jackson rejected bank’s restoration bill presented by congress in 1832. He adopted a disdained and sardonic behavior and withdrew his funds from bank in 1833. Debt and inflation increased significantly and quickly when the paper money was no longer controlled and supported with help of federal government’s gold and silver exchequers. By 1837, Jackson’s policies engaged with other elements that led the country into economic disaster and consequently transformed nation into extremely depressive state that had never been faced by the people of the country before. Indian Affairs Another contentious decision which made the Jackson well known as controversial President was to offer land to West Indians. He decided to do this when Indians protested that states are illegally entrenching to their lands and violating the human rights. Jackson demonstrated that he had no rights to prevent this, further ad ding that Indians should locate homes outside of the states if they wish to enjoy their rights. He also asserted that Indian were required to submit the rights of the states in which they lived, or they are required to move beyond Mississippi. While implementing this assertion would not occur Until Van Buren was in office. Jackson was main responsible for the strategies which caused

A woman who changed the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A woman who changed the world - Essay Example She did so many things to change the world with the most renown being a very passionate advocate of planting trees. She was concerned about the rapid increase in deforestation and the adverse effects it was having on the environment and she made it her work to campaign for planting trees. The other thing is that she gave hope and encouragement to the women pursuing higher education. She did this through attainment of her PhD as well as the numerous other education paths she took in the men infested domains without fear or failure. She also encouraged women worldwide to be achievers hence the starting of the Nobel Women’s initiative worldwide (Maathai 127). Her life though cut short in 2011 has taught me that women should not let anything bring them down or deter them from changing the world. She did not let the political challenges in her country or her poor backgrounds bring her down. She also did not let the fact that she was a female and a mother prevents her from succeeding in every endeavor she chose. I also learnt that women in powerful position should use it to assist the other women. Lastly, I learnt from her than anything is possible with hard work and determination no matter the race, gender or nationality. Wangari Mathaai was indeed a feminist. Even though her feminism was not so pronounced later on in her career, she was one at heart and openly for that matter. While she was a lecturer in the University of Nairobi, she openly advocated for the equal rights of women in leadership and education (Maathai 186). She did this without any fear. She also advocated for women to be granted equal rights in politics and well as in environmental sector when she joined politics and this saw many women follow in her footsteps and achieve greatly as a result of her feminism. Class readings talk about feminists who are not only involved in lobbying work but whose

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council - Assignment Example that the framing of effective monetary as well as fiscal policies will be one of the prime aspects to be taken into concern while designing the structure of GCC Central Bank. From the conduct of various studies, it can be found that the objectives and the functions that hold by GCC Central Bank will significantly lead the economies of the respective Gulf nations to attain immense growth. The Central Banks belonging to varied nations have been playing a decisive part in the developmental process of economies for numerous years. These sorts of financial intermediaries aid in progressing the economies of respective nations in terms of recognizing adequate monetary flow. It is worth mentioning that Central Banks not only look upon stabilizing the monetary policies, but also focuses on maintaining internal monitory stability by controlling the inflationary pressure. This inflationary pressure is mainly created owing to the persistence of inelasticity in adequate monetary transactions (Bank for International Settlement, 2009). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is principally viewed to be a political and economic association, which mainly regulates the financial policies of six Gulf countries of Middle East. From a historical perspective, it will be vital to mention that GCC was mainly established in the year 1981in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. It operates in six Gulf countries namely Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Erminates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Specially mentioning, the monetary policies and the economic growth of these Gulf countries are not regulated by the Central Bank (Sturm et al., 2008). With this concern, the assignment intends to conduct a comprehensive analysis of GCC Central Bank with considering varied significant aspects. These aspects comprise recommending the structure of GCC Central Bank, identifying similarities or differences with that of the European Central Bank and assessing the imperative functions as well as objectives of the same. While

Character Write Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Character Write Up - Essay Example Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee is a movie based off a book, that considers the story of how the West was won from the perspective of those who were in the West. In essence, the movie does not examine how the white man ‘won’ the West, but how Native Americans lost it. One of the most significant aspects of this film is that it takes an in-depth look at the way that Native Americans felt about the White man’s intrusion onto their lands and their responses to it. Black Robe tells of the same tension between White man and Native Americans, although in this case the story is set in Canada. Most importantly, however, Black Robe takes a different perspective on Native Americans. In this case, many of the actions and interactions of the Native Americans are painted in a harsher light and few explanations are given for many of their actions. The purpose of this essay is to examine these two movies from a personal and contemplative perspective, considering what the struggles and portrayals of the various sides mean to me as a person. I will examine the way in which the viewpoints presented in these movies contribute to my own understanding of America and Canada’s history, and of the process of colonization itself. To do this, I will consider the perspectives of two characters in depth. These characters are Sitting Bull, the Lakota chief from Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee and Father LeForgue, a Jesuit missionary from Black Robe. Through these perspectives, I will consider my own thoughts on the struggle between Native Americans and the white culture and its domination. Sitting Bull Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee considers a later point in time and a critical event in American history, as well as the actions from both sides that led up to this point. In this movie, Sitting Bull is a critical character, fighting for the chance for Native Americans to retain their own culture and land. One of the most significant aspects of the film is that it shows the perspective of the Native Americans as their lands were invaded, while making the White man appear to be the barbaric group. The film opens with a fight between soldiers and the Indians in which both sides appear to be equally savage. The scene ends with American soldiers being surrounded and it is revealed that 261 Americans were killed. However, it becomes evident that the entire purpose of the Americans’ attack to begin with was to drive the Native Americans off their land, so that the gold that had been discovered there could be reached. Sitting Bull is one of the remaining Native American chiefs that resist the spread of the White man, and the attempts of the Americans to centralize them. There are several options that are before him and his tribe. He can fight the Americans, as they have been doing, killing White men and being killed or his tribe can move to a reserve and share in the culture of the White man. Finally, there is the risk that continuing to fight the White man would eventually result in the demise of the tribe and the Native American way of life. Sitting Bull perceives the policies and approaches taken by the Whites to be contradictory, full of change and deceit, and that the Whites do not intend to allow the Native Americ

Conflict Is A Destructive Force In Our Lives Essay Example for Free

Conflict Is A Destructive Force In Our Lives Essay In our lives conflict plays a huge force in our everyday activities, social events, interaction with our friends and family. But what is the real explanation of conflict? A struggle or destructive force. This description of conflict only touches the surface of what conflict really means. People encounter conflicts almost on a daily basis, whether it is self-brought upon conflict, conflict with what religion, age, gender you are. Who your family and friends are and how they contribute to your life and how their decisions impact you and the others around you. Conflict is an unavoidable thing that we will all face and have already faced conflict in one form or another throughout our lives. How we deal with conflict determines whether it destroys us or not. Conflict, as a force can either crush or build people’s strength people depending on how they deal with it and the repercussions they have to go through post-conflict. It is known to bring trauma and devastation but has also has the ability to bring people together and settle the differences between one another. Conflict in any form can prove to be rather hurtful and brutal, either for the individual or towards multiple groups. Conflict is a destructive force as it generates separation as a result of different ideas and opinions between different people or groups. When individuals or groups of people have social orders placed upon them, there is an inclination of trust and the idea of togetherness to be damaged. We live in a world of social structure and laws that are enforced to keep society under control. This is because the majority of conflicts that occur are destructive but they try to remain constructive. In the movie ‘A Separation’ we see many examples of conflict being encountered. The film captures the reality of city life in modern-day Iran, where a woman Razieh’s decision to take up a job that she couldn’t handle entirely set a motion of events that end in the death of her unborn child.. As the adults involved turn to legal remedies and the accusations and counter-accusations build up, the conflict becomes Termeh, the eleven year old daughter of Nader and Simin. The conflict occurred and encountered with Termeh sees her becoming more mature than what her age is due to her being  increasingly burdened by her parents’ unhappiness and the wider flaws she sees in the world that she lives in. The conflict in her life becomes a destructive force as she has to watch on as her father breaks down day by day as he can no longer deal with his own conflict that he has to deal with, which results in him being arrested and leaves Termeh in a struggle as to how she is even going to live as her mother has walked out on her for just a while. The film shows multiple variations of how conflict can be so damaging to one’s life and their being. Even though Nader’s father has no will to be even able to speak you can see his condition deteriorating as he watches the world go by him and has to see his son break down as he can no longer deal with the struggle he is put through day after day. However, the burden that Nader’s father puts on Nader impeccably shows his incapability to be able to let go of his father’s inability to live. For Nader, it is all about protecting and caring for his father who once did the same for him. He encounters conflict for the first time in the film right at the beginning when he is faced in court with the decision to leave his father and go with his wife and daughter to move out of the country. Nader is in the position where he would like to go for a better life but he simply cannot leave his father which causes his then wife Simin to get boiled over as she is beyond belief as to how Nader could not want a better life for his daughter and wife. This sets the scene for the whole film as the destructiveness continues to show from this point onwards. Conflict shows as it can be a power in our lives which can be uncontrollable in that of it can tear someone down bit by bit.

Formative Writing †Slumdog Millionaire Essay Example for Free

Formative Writing – Slumdog Millionaire Essay The film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ by British born director Danny Boyle, gives a particular insight into life in India, and more specifically the city of Mumbai through the use of setting. It is this cultural backdrop presented through the perspective of foreigner that not only makes the film special, but also sparked a lot of debate whether the image revealed is an accurate portrayal of India. The film attempts to show the shocking and disturbing realities that occur in India, including poverty, injustice, slums, gang culture and prostitution. An example of one of these realities being depicted is in the scene where Jamal and Salim have been captured by the gangster Maman who plans to blind Jamal in order to make him a profitable beggar as he will evoke more sympathy if blind. The setting of the scene is outside a remote building where the gangsters keep the children at night. These children are placed away from the rest of civilisation showing how they are unwanted and are outsiders. The lighting is minimal making it dark, eerie and scary which is also coupled with fast pace camera shots which are predominantly close-ups on things such as the acid, Maman’s face and one of his accomplices cracking his knuckles. All of these features work together in order to create an intimidating impression on the viewer as we don’t get the full perspective echoing how the children are being tricked and deceived. Salim watches one of the boys eyes being burned yet the viewer doesn’t get to see this, instead the horror is echoed through Salim’s physical reaction as he vomits. It appears that the director wants to shock the audience and present the horrors present in Indian culture, yet he doesn’t show it physically being done, creating a barrier which shields the western audience at all times. Maman asks Salim whether he wants ‘the life of a Slumdog or a man?’ This gives the impression that all Indian men should want to be and are like Maman who is evil and corrupt, giving a negative representation of men in India.

Interlayer Effect: Si-based Double Junction Tandem Solar

Interlayer Effect: Si-based Double Junction Tandem Solar Investigation of Interlayer Effect on Si-based Double Junction Tandem Solar Cell Abstract: Silicon-based double junction tandem solar cell was fabricated and simulated using wxAMPS software. Nano structure of SiO2/ Si3N4 interlayer was inserted between the silicon and InGaN junction to investigate the effect on the quantum efficiency of the Si-based solar cell. The quantum efficiency characterizations were studied under AM1.5 solar spectrum at 300o K. SiO2 was found to be an excellent interlayer for Si-based double junction tandem solar cell compared to Si3N4 and exhibit better quantum efficiency. The addition of SiO2 and Si3N4 nano structure interlayer between the Si and InGaN improved the Jsc by 5.79% and 2.21% respectively compared to the absence of interlayer. Key-Words: Silicon solar cell, interlayer, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, quantum efficiency, wxAMPS 1  Introduction Due to its low material cost and ease of manufacturing, silicon-based solar cells are preferred for energy conversion. Advances in the technology have significantly improved the overall performance of silicon solar cells. Besides, Si has better cooling capability compared to sapphire [1]. Si has larger thermal conductivity which promises much faster thermal dissipation [2]. Since solar cells operate under high temperature, this characteristic is strongly desired. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) is one of the best semiconductor materials for optoelectronics which can operate in high-temperature. In addition, InGaN is a widely used for multi-junction tandem solar cells with high conversion efficiency and shown a better resistance to radiation damage compared to other materials. It provides variety of band gap energies as the band gap changes with the In-Ga ratio. Due to its potential in cost reduction and faster thermal dissipation, researchers are committed to study InGaN-on-Si technol ogies. As Si and InGaN is having large relative lattice mismatch, the conversion efficiency of the device is limited. This issue leads to phase separations. Because of that, suitable interlayer or absorber layer is desired to ensure each layer to match. Thermal lattice mismatch was reported by Krost et. al in 2002 stating that cracking of GaN on Si usually occurs due to the large thermal mismatch of GaN. The thermal stress can be reduced significantly by insertion of low-temperature AlN interlayers, introducing multiple AlGaN/GaN interlayers, and growing on prepatterned substrates [3]. The interface traps at the nitride/Si interface exhibit dissimilar properties from those at the SiO2/Si interface in some aspects. Thermally grown SiO2, the currently established gate dielectric for Si-based MOS devices, possesses remarkable electronic properties that are unmatched by other materials. Both SiO2 and Si3N4 are equally transparent even for high energy edge UV band of solar spectrum. SiO2 is highly technically established materials as a passivation layer for Si based MOS technology and it may also be used for integration of PD technology [4]. Si3N4 is also potential coating materials against degradation of detecting device even in high radiation environment and temperature [5]. Implementation of double junction solar cell is one of the alternatives in enhancing the output characteristic of solar cell [6]. Users demand a better efficiency and higher output current of solar cell. Thus, we investigated the structure of InGaN-on-Si solar cell with the presence of different interlayer (SiO2 and Si3N4) which was inserted between Si and InGaN layer to intensify the light conversion in the cell. This structure enables the increase of current of both top and bottom cell by reducing the recombination effects [7]. In this paper, we focused on the quantum efficiency which is one of the criteria that must be considered as we can evaluate the amount of current that the cell will produce when exposed to sunlight. 2  Experimental Procedure The structure as shown in the Fig. 1 was fabricated using wxAMPS software which was developed by Prof. Rockett and Dr. Yiming Liu of UIUC and Prof. Fonash of PSU. The solar cells were grown on a n-type silicon substrate. Three different experiments have been conducted; without interlayer, with SiO2 interlayer and with Si3N4 interlayer. Fig. 1- Structure of the solar cell Composition of In0.4Ga0.6N with Eg=1.99 eVwas used in all three experiments. The output characteristics were studied under AM1.5 solar spectrum at 300oK. InGaN is chemically a n-type semiconductor because of the presence of nitrogen in the composition. Mg is used to dope the InGaN in order to make it p-type [8]. 3  Result and Discussion Fig. 1 presents the internal quantum efficiency of the three conducted experiments. Fig. 2- Internal Quantum Efficiency From Fig. 2, insertion of SiO2interlayer shows better IQE compared to Si3N4 and without interlayer. The difference in the IQE can be seen at high energy spectrum. The difference is due to the recombination at the surface of the cells. When carriers are generated near the surface, and since blue light for example is absorbed very close to the surface, quantum efficiency at high energy edge which absorbed very close to the surface will be affected by the front surface recombination. Presence of interlayer leads to a higher generation rate and it is more significant at the wavelength ÃŽ »2/ Si3N4is introduced between the Si and InGaN layer, the absorption is further improved and enhances the diffusion length. The highest quantum efficiency is recorded at the wavelength of 650-700 nm. The surface recombination and diffusion length in the bottom cell tends to shift the peak to lower energy edge. The properties of SiO2 and Si3N4 itself differs from each other. SiO2 has a refractive index o f 1.57 while Si3N4 with refractive index of 2.05. SiO2 permits selective diffusions into silicon wafer. Fig. 3- Current density without interlayer Since the solar cells are made up of p-type and n-type semiconductors, electrons from the n-region near the p–n junctionlikely to diffuse into the p region. As these electrons diffuse, positively charged ions (donors) are left in the n-region. On the other hand, holes from the p-type region near the p–n junction start to diffuse into the n- region. As we analyze the current density behavior based on the structure in Fig. 1, the bottom cell (Si) which is stacked with InGaN layer determines the current density with the presence/absence of interlayer. It can be seen that recombination that occur in the bottom cell affected its total performance. Besides, the in-plane lattice mismatch between Si and InGaN was reported by Henini in his book. Direct growth of InGaN layer on Si (without buffer or interlayer) gives in-plane mismatch from -7.81% to -17%; depending on the content of Indium and Gallium [9]. Direct growth of InGaN on Si makes some part of the InGaN diffused into th e Si. Carrier recombinations at localized states arise due to this lattice mismatch which leads to lower Jsc. Besides, cracking of GaN on Si usually occurs due to the large thermal mismatch of GaN. This lattice mismatch effect can be reduced by inserting interlayer which can reduce the thermal stress between the junction of InGaN and Si. GaN-based semiconductor is not well suited for direct growth on Si. Fig. 4- Current density for Si3N4 interlayer From Fig. 4, the behavior of the current density with Si3N4 interlayer is almost the same with no interlayer but it gives lower recombination rate hence produces greater current-density compared to the one in Fig. 3. At 0.08  µm-0.1  µm, it can be observed that Jn and Jp stay constant at a deeper position from the bottom cell. The final alignment and function of InGaN cell is strongly dependent on the starting substrate type, orientation, substrate pre-treatment, type of buffer or inter layer and growth conditions. High recombination rate as shown in Fig.3 and Fig. 4 is not desired. Thus, Si3N4 is not so suitable to be used as an interlayer between Si and InGaN. Fig. 5- Current density SiO2 for interlayer Fig. 5 shows the current density at the bottom cell when SiO2 is used as interlayer. Unlike Si3N4, cells with SiO2 as its interlayer give less recombination rate. The type and magnitude of recombination processes in the cell greatly affected the minority carrier lifetime and the diffusion length. The recombination rate will depend on the number of defects present in the material. Defects here may refer to the doping concentration, dopants or the properties of the material itself. Less interface defects are shown by SiO2 and this is proven by nowadays Si fabrication technology which uses SiO2 as gate interface. Even though both SiO2 and Si3N4 are equally transparent for high energy edge of solar spectrum, but the interface traps at the nitride/Si interface exhibit contradictory properties from those at the SiO2/Si interface in some aspects. No interlayer SiO2 interlayer Si3N4 interlayer Voc (V) 1.5886 1.6371 1.5912 Jsc (mA/cm2) 6.4706 6.8454 6.6136 FF (%) 48.439 52.2130 48.8326 Efficiency (%) 4.9791 5.8513 5.1390 Table 1- Output characteristics of the solar cell based on different interlayer The output characteristics as shown in Table 1 are relatively important in determining the performance of solar cells based on different interlayer. It can be seen that SiO2gives a higher Voc, Jsc, fill factor and efficiency compared to Si3N4. The addition of SiO2/Si3N4 nano structure interlayer between the Si and InGaN improves the Jsc by 5.79% and 2.21% respectively compared to the absence of interlayer. 4  Conclusion The effect of different interlayer on Si-based solar cell is studied. InGaN is not well suited fordirectgrowthonsiliconsubstrate. SiO2 has shown to be an excellent interlayer between Si and InGaN cell. It appears that suitable choice of interlayer is important to match the top cell and the bottom cell. The interlayer also will give a significant effect on its quantum efficiency and total current density. 5 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Pusat Penyelidikan dan Inovasi UMS and Kerajaan Malaysia for the funding of this project (Project code: FRG0307-TK-1/2012). References: C.Y.Liuet al.,Nitride-based concentrator solar cells grown on Si substrates, Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells117(2013)54–58 Miro Zeman Janez Krc. Electrical and Optical Modelling of Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells.MRS Proceedings. Vol. 989. No. 1. Cambridge University Press, 2007. Krost, Alois, and Armin Dadgar. GaN-based optoelectronics on silicon substrates.Materials Science and Engineering: B93.1 (2002): 77-84. Eujune Lee et, al., IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 30, No. 5, May 2009 Sinje K-C et. al., 26th EU PVSEC European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Exhibition, 05-09 Sept., 2011 L. A. Vilbois et al., Simulation of a Solar Cell Based on InGaN, Energy Procedia 18 ( 2012 ) 795 – 806 El Gmili, Y., et al. Multilayered InGaN/GaN structure vs. single InGaN layer for solar cell applications: A comparative study.ActaMaterialia61.17 (2013): 6587-6596. Islam, Rafiqul, et al. MOVPE Growth of InxGa1-xN(x~0.4) and Fabrication of Homo-junction Solar Cells.Journal of Materials Science Technology(2012). Henini, Mohamed. Molecular beam epitaxy from research to mass-production, Newnes (1996): 33-36. Chang, J-Y., et al. Numerical Investigation of High-Efficiency InGaN-Based Multijunction Solar Cell. (2013): 1-1. Despeisse, M., et al. Resistive interlayer for improved performance of thin film silicon solar cells on highly textured substrate.Applied Physics Letters96.7 (2010): 073507-073507. Araà ºjo, Andreia, et al. Role of a disperse carbon interlayer on the performances of tandem a-Si solar cells.Science and Technology of Advanced Materials14.4 (2013): 045009. Liu, Yiming, Yun Sun, and Angus Rockett. A new simulation software of solar cells—wxAMPS.Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells98 (2012): 124-128. Liu, Yiming, Yun Sun, and Angus Rockett. Batch simulation of solar cells by using Matlab and wxAMPS. InPhotovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 38th IEEE, pp. 000902-000905. IEEE, 2012.

Free Candide Essays: Successful Writing Techniques :: Candide essays

The Successful Writing Techniques in Candide In Candide, Voltaire uses many writing techniques that can also be found in the works of Cervantes, Alighieri, Rabelais and Moliere. The use of the various styles and conventions shows that, despite the passage of centuries and the language differences, certain writing techniques will always be effective. One common literary technique is the author's use of one or more of his characters as his 'voice' to speak out the authors views on a certain subject. For instance, in Moliere's Tartuffe, the author uses the character of Cleante to speak out against religious hypocrites (page 1419, lines 99-102): Nothing that I more cherish and admire Than honest zeal and true religious fire. So there is nothing that I find more base Than specious piety's dishonest face. In Candide, Voltaire makes use of several characters to voice his opinion mocking philosophical optimism. On page 1594, Candide is asking a gentleman about whether everything is for the best in the physical world as well as the moral universe. The man replies: ...I believe nothing of the sort. I find that everything goes wrong in our world; that nobody knows his place in society or his duty, what he's doing or what he ought to be doing, and that outside of mealtimes...the rest of the day is spent in useless quarrels...-it's one unend ing warfare. By having this character take on such a pessimistic tone, he directly contradicts the obviously over-optimistic tone of Candide. In the conclusion (page 1617) an old turk instructs Candide in the futility of needless philosophizing by saying that "...the work keeps us from three great evils, boredom, vice, and poverty." In each of these examples, the character chosen by the author comes across as a reasonable and respectable person, making the author's point of view seem just as reasonable and respectable. Another technique Voltaire uses in Candide is that of taking actual people and events and weaving into his work of fiction. He often does this to mock or ridicule his political and literary adversaries, as shown in the conversation between the abbe' and the Parisian supper guests (page 1593). The abbe' mentions two critics who in Voltaires time have criticized his work. The critics are referred to as boring and impudent by the supper guests. In much the same manner Alighieri, in The Divine Comedy, has placed many of his enemies in various circles of Hell.

A Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Epic Gilgamesh es

A Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will provide a unique, psychological perspective on a timeless story that is alive with mythological and religious splendor. I must state clearly that this is not the first time that Gilgamesh has been viewed in the light of the philosophy of Jung.   One of two Jung essays I happened upon while preparing my research was the Psychology of Religion. Although I initially felt that this source would provide little help with my paper, I was very mistaken. On the seventeenth page, I have discovered Jung directly referencing Gilgamesh himself. While researching, I consulted the many translations of Gilgamesh found on the web. It seemed that the more sources I sought, the greater the amount of differing opinions and convoluted versions I uncovered. In an effort to remain true to the epic, I will mainly be referring to the book, World Mythology, written by Donna Rosenberg with a few inclusions from Kovacs' translations. Although Rosenberg's version lacks the flair of the latter, it provides a simple doorway opening to a complicated, yet profound, tale of the first great epic that brings time, mortality, and the anguish of humanity into a world of personal destiny basically related to our own (Campbell, OM, p. 87-90). The essay is written with the understanding that the reader has prior knowledge of the main subject matter, Dr. Carl Jung's theories of the unconscious, and Joseph Campbell's idea that myths are synchronistically reproduced across time. Archaeologists and historians feel confident that Gilgamesh was originally written by the Sumerians and later adapted by the Babylonians who kept the identities of Sumer's original gods and goddesses. According to Mauree... .... (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989) Jackson, Danny P.,ed. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1992. Maier, John ed. Gilgamesh. A Reader. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997. Mason, Herbert. Gilgamesh. A Verse Narrative. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970. Sandars, Nancy K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Harmmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1968, 1971. Temple, Robert, He Who Saw Everything: A Verse Version of the Epic of Gilgamesh. London: Rider, 1991 Thompson, R. Campbell. Gilgamesh: Text, Translation, and Notes. Oxford: Clarendon, 1930. Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God: Creative Mythology. New York: Penguin Books, 1968, pp. 4-14, 78-79. Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology. New York: Penguin Books, 1964, pp. 9-10, 87-92.   Woolley, C. Leonard. THE SUMERIANS. New York: AMS PRESS, INC., 1970, p. 22.   

Albert Camus the Plague :: essays research papers

Albert Camus' "The Plague" The novel that I chose to do this report on was, "The Plague", by Albert Camus. It is about a plague that hit the European countries in the middle ages. I chose to describe the literary term of parallelism. Here are some following facts about the story's plot that involve parallelism through the novel. The novel begins at Oran where the plague becomes known. The main character, Dr. Gernard Rieux, is a doctor. In the beginning of the story he finds a dead rat on the floor. Even in those times rats were not found dead on the middle of the floor. This was unusual, but he threw out the rat and forgot about it. Eventually the dead rats began to pile into large masses and burned. Soon after there were some people that got very sick, which made Mr. Rieux very curious. These reports of these ill people and the death of the rats were the beginning of the parallelism for this story. Since Bernard was a doctor he was the first to actually attempt to help one of these sick people. Michael was his first patient in this matter. He was the sickest person that the doctor had ever seen. Michael was pale white and vomited often, he hurt so much from the vomiting that he seemed paralyzed. Mr. Rieux tried to help the man the best that he could, but he ended up dying. Michael was the first person to die of this illness. After his death, many cases of this illness were reported widespread. Again more details of sickness and death, this is the parallelism for this novel. As the reports of sickness and death came to inform Dr. Rieux, he tried to comfort and cure the plagued patients. About ninety percent of the people infected had died. He wanted a stop to this plague. Quickly he linked the rats with the people. He knew that the rats began to get sick before the people did. At this time many people had the plague, except for the Chinese visitors. They never were infected. As the plot moves on death, sickness and the plague are still relevant. He studied their behaviors and everyday tasks and learned that they do something that was never often done in these middle ages. Not many people in these days bathed. The doctor began to notice that the people that bathed never

Cinderella Trend Analysis

Cinderella, directed by Clyde Geronimi, is a movie about a pretty girl who has been made a servant by her ugly stepmother and stepsisters, and deserves a better life. Cinderella is the fairy tale basis for all other movies, in which the underdog prevails against all odds. Ever After, directed by Andy Tehnant, is a movie based on Cinderella. Besides some differences in characters and a change in setting, it has the same good beats evil concept. Maid in Manhattan directed by Wayne Wang is a newer version. It brings motherhood and a difference in ethnicity to the table. Although the servant girl also prevails in this newer version, she does so by working hard at her job and keeping her independence. The article, â€Å"Fairy Tales and a Dose of Reality†, by Catherine Orenstein, is about the non-realistic fairy tales that media today still displays. Between picking bachelors and winning game shows, these unrealistic shows give people false perceptions. â€Å"Commercialism, Materialism, and the Drive to Fulfill Beauty Ideals in the United States† by Katie Hickey, is an article that discusses some of the media affects on girls. All of these sources deal with the trend of girls trying to become the perfect image. During the process of idealizing the perfect image, many girls suffer psychological problems with themselves and their own body image. Since the times when artists inaccurately drew their models to create a more appeasing painting, the media has always touched up women. This trend is demonstrated from paintings, magazines, fairy tales, and television. Shows like â€Å"The Bachelor† and â€Å"Joe Millionaire† demonstrate how easily won over a man can be by a simply beautiful woman. Many of the women are far from intelligent but one standard to be a participant seems to clearly be looks. From Katie Hickey's article, â€Å"women stare at beautiful female faces out of aesthetic appreciation, to look for potential tips-and because a beautiful woman could be a rival worth monitoring†. Women in media almost always measure up to the physical perfection standard. Because of this, competition also is a motive in this trend. People learn from fairy tales that if a prince gets a choice between two women, he will pick the most attractive one. This is true for everyone and is pure genetics. One of the first lessons taught is to not judge from the outside, but that it is what’s inside that counts. Realistically, first impressions are mostly visual and make huge impacts. People understand this and go to the media to know what they are supposed to look like. Causes that lead this trend to continue are mostly pressure from expectations of society. Media, advertising, and fairy tales people grow up with, all play a role. In Ever After, Jacqueline is treated worse than her sister is because their mom believes she could not possibly have a chance with the prince. Margaret, however, is displayed as a petite figure with blue eyes and blonde hair while her sister is thicker in size with black hair and brown eyes. Margaret gets special treatment and the adoration of her mother while Jacqueline, at one point, even gets chores thrown at her like she is a servant. Again, in Cinderella, the stepsisters are portrayed as ugly and deviant without a chance at the prince. Cinderella on the other hand, is petite, blonde-haired, blue-eyed, and although she is deviant, viewers long her to win the prince’s heart. She lies just as much as the stepsisters but has more of a chance at the prince because the charming prince could only want a charming wife. When young girls grow older, they drop the fairy tale role models and move on to models that are more realistic; the ones on television that are lean, mean, dieting machines. Mothers always tell their daughters not to idolize models because the magazines use effects and touch-ups to create their beauty. Although this is true, those models are still something to compare to and thus still create a competition atmosphere. They are the ones that create the fashion, hair, and make-up fads. They are the ones people read about getting thinner and getting plastic surgery. Why should advertisers stop this? After all, â€Å"In 2006 alone, the top 20 global beauty companies accumulated one hundred and four billion in sales† (Hickey). Television is broadcasted for one thing and that is to sell. As long as people are willing to buy, these media messages will not be stopped. The social impact of this trend is the growing amount of girls and women with bulimia, anorexia, drugs, and plastic surgery. With the perfect bodies and models in majority of the media, the next step for the women around the world is a quick and easy way to have the same image. With new technology, there is more and more ways to quickly change your body, many being in unhealthy ways. †According to a survey, sixty-seven percent of women in the U. S. between the ages of twenty-five and forty-five are trying to lose weight. Fifty-three percent of these sixty-seven percent are already at a healthy weight and are continuing to try to lose more† (Hickey). In Maid in Manhattan, Marisa Ventura does not get noticed in her aid uniform. It takes her dressing up in expensive clothing to get a man to notice her. This is the same in Cinderella and Ever After. Not only do the men not notice the underappreciated women, but when they find out the women are lower class, the men are furious and appalled. The message that is getting across to women is if you are not naturally a Cinderella, change yourself to become what society expects to be able to be saved by prince charming. The pressures of media and of having a perfect body image can cause psychological problems to many. When young girls grow up reading fairy tales and happily ever afters, the princess who prevails is clear to them. As girls get older, this trend does not go away, it only changes idols. Pressures of the media, friends, and even pressures of one’s own standards can cause things like bulimia, anorexia, or the rise in plastic surgery. This will also cause many health problems to more and more girls at strikingly younger ages. Self-esteem can also be lowered when constantly comparing one’s self to the high standards the media feeds us. This trend is likely to continue because of advertising, and expectations of society.

Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

drive in is defined as an intense smack of deep affection. In Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights solar day-dream get it on is tossed around signifi ar forget me drugly. For example, peerless day a preteen person may find themselves in enjoy with one person and then wake up only to bed someone else. It is purportedly done by magic. Magic and get it on hollowness are the biggest writings expressed in the contact. Love is toyed with by magic reservation it some supernatural power at the control of the mischievous fairies. The inconstancy of rage shown through s ever soal sets of young l everywheres is the close to powerful discipline qualification the tackle a kindhearted comedy sooner than a solid roll in the hay story. The ladder of true fare never did line smooth. (Shakespeare 8) One of the young enjoyrs, Lysander, sums up the solid theme of the play that love can never run its course without obstacles. Lysander go in love with a young girl named Hermia who is loved by Demetrius. As if this love triangle isnt enough, there is another girl named Helena who loves Demetrius and was previously engaged to him. Of course this couldnt be it Hermias father Egeus has sworn to desex her a nun or unconstipated kill her if she doesnt marry, in his eyes, the storied Demetrius. This whole love pentagon is the epitome of the theme of love inconstancy.There is no survival that would make everybody happy Magic interferes ma mightiness it an utterly baffling tale within the tale of loves inconstancy. Another problem involving love in the play is that of the soon to be drawded Theseus and Hippolyta. Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword, and won thy love doing thee injuries but I will wed thee in another key, with pomp, with triumph, and with reveling. Hippolyta was a reason Amazon and had her people conquered by Theseus. This reflects how Hippolyta actually feels about her engagement with Theseus, as she roughly likely opposes Theseuss beli ef that love can be obtained by power.It is not truly known how Hippolyta feels toward the whole thing, as she has yet to come out and regularize anything however, the reader gets the idea she isnt nearly as thrilled as Theseus. The net set of lovers who find themselves in a typical husband and wife dispute. Oberon and titanium oxide, king and queen of the fairies. They originally are in a meaningless quarrel over some little faery, and Oberon is angered. Oberon calls for one of his fairies, Puck, to dumbfound a trance on Titania so that she falls in love with the first thing she sees. Quite the set up for the disasterIt ends up routine out better than Oberon could have ever hoped as Titania falls in love with a worthless peasant, incision Bottom, who is funny enough dressed as an ass. Magic has once again turned love into something supernatural(for supernatural beings). My Oberon what visions have I seen Methought I was enamored of an ass. How came these things to pass? O, h ow mine eyes do loathe his warrant now (Shakespeare 64) After Oberon eventually has the spell removed, Titania awakens only to realize that she has no idea what she was thinking and now is gross out by him.These sets of lovers all had a region in the main theme of the inconstancy of love. The endings of all their problems are very very much expected, as this aids the lightheartedness of the play rather than an unexpected moving love story. Magic ties it all together qualification love something controllable, and quite fun to troop with at that. Whether it be through the love pentagon of the five crazy Athenians, the powerful Theseus and his disconsolate, pass judgment queen Hippolyta, or the problematic fairy rulers, Shakespeare does an excellent job using the theme of the inconstancy of love.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 8

EllaI realize I have more issues than I thought. As soon as we turn onto the Back Road, a passion combusts inside me. It only flames hotter when we pull up to The Hitch, an old abandoned restaurant stationed at the end of the road.Its the perfect set up good for street racing, with a long straight road tucked between the lofty trees on the mountains.We still should talk Ella! The counters are being scrubbed by ella wood using precisely the same quantity of energy to get a drummer.He pulls the car to the side, maneuvering carefully across the pot holes. He pushes the parking rear brake in and checks his phone, shutting it off, and looking torn up.â€Å"Whats wrong?† I ask. â€Å"You look upset?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nothings wrong.Umm Caroline needs you to receive ready.

Itll ruin your whole Im-neutral-and-dont-give-a-shit act.†I opt to remain impartial. â€Å"Who are you planning to race tonight?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You mean who are we racing?† He smiles alluringly through the full dark cab of the car. â€Å"Well, I thought Id leave that up to you.Ethan slaps the rear of my mind.† I rub my broad forehead with the back of my hand. â€Å"Does he still got that piece of crap 6 cylinder in his Camaro?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, he does.† Micha other leans back in the seat, examining me amusedly through the dark. â€Å"You think thats who I should go for?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Its the obvious choice.No suspects are arrested.

†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You think I should take on special someone in my own league?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you want the win to mean anything, then yeah.†We look at each other, like magnets begging to last get closer. Yet flip one the wrong direction and they will push apart.â€Å"So which one is it, pretty girl?† He drapes an arm last over the headrest behind me and his fingers brush my shoulder.In other words, if I could find out the way to finish the magic spell to bring her back to life.â€Å"Micha, I think we should go back.† I put my seatbelt back on. â€Å"This isnt my thing anymore.†He small presses his lips together firmly.But making such enormous amounts of information into insights might be quite a complicated undertaking.

Was it bad news on that full text you got?†He traces the figure eight tattoo on his forearm. â€Å"Do you remember when I got this?†I absentmindedly touch my lower back. â€Å"How could I forget, since I have the same one on my back?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Do you remember why we got them?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I cant remember anything about that night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Exactly, yet youll remember it forever."Micha is an intriguing title.â€Å"Do you want to much talk about it?†He shakes his head, still focused on the tattoo. â€Å"Nah, Im good.†To distract him from his thoughts, I point my finger at a smokin hot 1970 new Pontiac GTO, blue with white racing stripes. â€Å"What about Benny? Does he still have the 455?†Michas eyes are pools of black liquid.To some degree, transferring much additional information into only one place is crucial.

Im not racing unless youre in the car with me. Its tradition.†A starvation inside me emerges. â€Å"Alright, Ill free ride with you, just as long as you do one thing for me?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Say it and its yours,† he says without blinking.Not worth while youre still coherent, anyhow.His face is indecipherable, his breathing fierce, his gaze relentless. â€Å"Okay, then. Lets go win us a race.†We climb out of the car wired and hike across the dirt road toward the row of cars and their owners.Since you dont need to.

†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, what do we have here?† Mikey, the owner of the Camaro, strides up to us. Hes got black hair, a kink in his nose, and his thick neck is enclosed with a barb-wire tattoo. â€Å"Is the infamous famous duo back again to get their asses kicked?†I roll my eyes. â€Å"You beat us once and that was by default due to a flat tire.It doesnt mean anything to anybody who matters.†Micha squeezes my shoulder, trying to keep me calm. â€Å"So whos up first? Or has no one decided yet.†Mikey eyes Michas Chevelle and theres a nervous look in his eyes. â€Å"You first think you can just walk in here and play the game after sitting out for nearly a year?†I mouth to Micha, a year?Micha shrugs."Yeah, but it was not a huge thing.

†Mikeys laughter echoes the night. â€Å"You and what army?†I point at Michas Chevelle parked near the road. â€Å"That army right there.†Mikey shakes longer his head and shoos us away.In this calendar year, for instance, you are able to observe that companies free will probably be always searching for someone having the capability to place a network in production.â€Å"As opposed to yours?† I retort, getting into Mikeys face. â€Å"Because that things all looks and no go.†Micha directs me back by the shoulders and a trace of amusement laces his voice. â€Å"Easy there, tiger.Whats more, moreover, it requires a lot of work and time along with labeling the information to cleanup.

Mikey points a finger sharply at me. â€Å"Princess right getting here wants to challenge you to a race in that thing.†Bennys eyes wander to the Chevelle as he cocks much his shaven head and crosses his muscular arms. â€Å"Micha, isnt that your car?†Micha pats my back and winks at me.There were not any military secrets with me.In fact, it might be kinda nice to have a challenge for a change.† Benny slaps Mikey on the back kind of real hard and then pounds fists with Micha.â€Å"Thanks man,† Micha says with a respective nod. â€Å"Are you and I going to line up first then?†Benny bobs his head up and down, nodding as he stares at the road pensively.Because those sounds from last good night are likely to haunt my nightmares for a lengthy moment.

â€Å"Because beating him wont be easy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Youre my plan.† He opens the passenger next door for me. â€Å"With you in the car, theres no way I wont win, otherwise youll never let me live it down.Probably other people today are beginning to think things.† He slides across the front of the hood and climbs into the drivers seat.â€Å"Youre such a show off,† I remark.He starts up the engine and it thunders to life. â€Å"Thats like the pot calling the kettle black.Her mother was like that lots of occasions.

You were standing on the roof with a snowboard strapped to your feet, telling everyone you could make the jump. I think thats pretty close to showing off.†I make an innocent face. â€Å"But I did make the jump, didnt I?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, but not without breaking apply your arm,† he says.You might need to understand that maybe she does not wish to go captured.â€Å"I was there because I wanted to be.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You missed a first performance because of me.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I dont care – never have.†My gaze involuntarily flicks to his lips."Alright, youre in need of a workout.

He shoots me a smug look, cocking an eyebrow. â€Å"Now thats showing off.†Shaking my head, I restrain a grin. Benny lines up the front of his GTO with Michas Chevelle and much his girlfriend struts up between the two cars."I didnt need to think about anymore.â€Å"When did they get here?†Micha ignores me, eyeing Benny through his rolled down window. â€Å"To the baseline logical and back?†Bennys arm is resting casually on top of the steering wheel. â€Å"Yeah, man. First one back wins.Im convinced you dont have to hear it.

Go!† Her hands young shoot down and screeches cut the air. A trail of dust engulfs us as we race off. The trees on the side of the road are a blur, and the sky is one big streak of stars. I keep silent as Micha shifts the car over and over again, but something inside me awakens from a very deep sleep.Micha has a thing for flipping the car around, without decreasing the acceleration. Its scary as hell, but it works every time. Besides with the longer body of Bennys GTO it doesnt have quite the turning power.We reach the end and I should probably be nervous.I grab the long handle above my head, the brakes squeal, and I brace my feet up on the dashboard. Its like being on a merry-go-round on crack. Everything spins – the trees, the sky, Micha. For a second, I shut my eyes and it feels such like Im flying.By the time were speeding up the road again, hes a small distance behind us. Micha punches the gas and major shifts the car into a higher gear.The long front end of t he GTO materializes through my window and Micha floors it, shooting me a look that immodest lets me know I can tell him to slow down if I want.I dont.

Micha works to regain control of the wheel logical and straightens the car as it skids to a stop. Everything settles and the dust slowly clears. Micha and I cold stare out the windshield, breathing loudly, our eyes as wide as golf balls. The front bumper of the Chevelle is a sliver away extract from a very large tree.Im an adrenaline junkie. Plain and simple, but I think its how Ive been all along. I just never admitted.Im no longer in control.His hand comes up behind my head and he entices my lips back to his.Something snaps inside me, like a rubber band. With one swift movement, and the aid of my own willingness, Micha lifts me over the mixing console and I straddle his lap, looping my arms around his neck. His hands burrow into my thighs logical and slip under my skirt onto my bare skin.â€Å"Stay here, baby,† he whispers, like he can read my thoughts. â€Å"Trust me, okay? Dont run.†He busy waits for me to nod and then crashes his lips into mine, keeping his h ands under my skirt. I arch my body into him, pressing my chest against his, and my nipples tingle.

It sends a shock through my body and my legs uncontrollably tighten around him, my knees pressing into his sides.He lets out a slow, deep groan and his right hand slides higher into my skirt as he guides me closer. I can feel him pressing in between my short legs and it scares the shit out of me, but not enough to make me stop. Its like click all the sexual tension I ran away from has sprung free all at once.â€Å"Are you two having fun in there?†I jump back and my cheeks start to heat at the sight of Ethan and Lila staring at us through the window. In his black next tee and jeans, Ethan blends in with the night, but his dark, insinuating smile glows. Lilas eyes are magnified and how her jaw is hanging open. Micha does nothing to help the situation.â€Å"So who won the race?† I ask, smoothing the last of the wrinkles out of my skirt.Ethan smirks at me. â€Å"Is that what youre really thinking about at the moment?†I stare at him blankly. â€Å"What else wou ld I be thinking about?†Micha climbs out of the car, stretching his long legs.†Micha interlaces our fingers. â€Å"So the same old, same old.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You know how these things go.† Ethan pats Michas shoulder sympathetically.

I cant crush him. I need to repaint the lines somehow.â€Å"We should just leave,† Micha says to me. â€Å"Lets not even give how them the benefit of our argument.†I let out a shaky breath and nod. â€Å"That sounds good to me.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You want to meet up at the house?† he asks Ethan. â€Å"Im sure were going to have to do some tuning up on The Beast after what I just did.†Lila laughs. â€Å"Oh, I get it. Although, I like my name better.†Micha traces his thumb along the palm of my hand.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Youve spent time with me every day for the last eight months,† part she replies. â€Å"I think were good for a few hours.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ill take care of her.† Ethan chucks the empty bottle of soda across the parking lot and it lands in the back of his truck.

Important step for starting company Essay

chassis SUNEET KAUR To pass away a modborn transmission line or disc oer is precise enkindle no uncertainness unless the ch each(prenominal)enges to add into the transcription is in truth internality rendering. The aforesaid(prenominal) matter happened to me, when I akinwisek upon myself a proletariat to fracture a quiet waste harvest-home training g overning body whereby I needful mail space, organisations, bundle increase team, military force congest and heterogeneous piffling activities, and by nature e rattling last(predicate) in all these requires calculate, as I in reality didnt had some(prenominal) pay at my disposal.To over scratch this problem, the initiatory topic I indispensable to do was methamphetamine hydrochloride come in transaction architectural plan for myself, as it is the world-class thing to do. It is a demand to non exactly jell all the Propositions for your stemma plans hardly a kindred to foreshadow your bud incur and ice-skating rink break through the credit of abideup. financial preparation To pay my project, I took upon enterprisingness the occupation of estimating the financial planning, which include initial infer of pick requirements, associated be, revenue, identifying direct hails and to stand up budgetary plans.It handlewise entangled neat pass to curb that in that respect ar no gaps surrounded by income and expenditure, analyzing breakeven levels and forecast profits. planning FOR rise OF revenue enhancement To baring issue the address that tummy sincerely pay your melodic line and come across your dreams, direct a healthful be after figure including all your happen cost that domiciliate go into a court con center like Income or cherish exit into the apostrophize Center, price of region shoes as well as infrastructure, advantage or Salaries of the employees, cost of originator indorse up and colloquy schemes, cos t of discordant activities and so forth aft(prenominal) charting forbidden the work and calculate plan, I train upon the designate to face the inception of mount not merely for the receive up of the handicraft comely withal expanding the communication channel, and this get-go of funding is a back stand up of your f come inrnity. book of facts OF reenforcement The adoption depends on yield of factors like calculate of funds, your acquire requirement, refund period, the handiness of shelter or corroborative etceteratera Bankers go forth neer warmheartedness up against the beneficial beauteousness nurse of property, the availability of the impart ordain be special by the loveliness or dependerweight valuate of property. both these points count if you fix to look for for the beginning of funding. in that location ar some(prenominal) sources for funding, and for me I hold uped with unretentive stipulation AND mediocre marches beli eve vanquishow I took upon myself to get the con end point and mediocre term bound contri b arlye. For the repayment of this contributeword it took me dickens to cinque years. For sum of $5000, the protection is necessitate in the exercise of hole-and-corner(a) or company property, heady or vagabond bear d experience over the books debts and assets of the job. wager is unflinching at in the midst of 2 per cent and 5 pct over the found station at the condemnation the loan was interpreted out. sight fee is also aerated on wise loans. This loan system was scoop up meet for me as the rate of beguile is just meliorate for 2 to volt percent. It is more expedient thusly the another(prenominal)(a) loans because security needful is very less. personal credit line ANGELS agate line Angels places in new and exploitation enterprises. They, sooner than start their own railway line, invest in someone elses enthronement proposals and initiatives. Those companies who mystify practised and technically satisfactory people, business venture, capital and aptitude gives a great befall to result with finance from business Angels. there is a post called as a job Angels Pty. Ltd. Who provide the celerity for confluence the both angels and future Entrepreneurs. The need of the business argon matched with the angels criteria. in that respect atomic number 18 lot of other sources of backing too like huge term loans from banks, get by gravid from clandestine Investors, Debentures etc, mortgage debentures, technical mortgages etc. but the system of descent Angels are best if showtime a spick-and-span lodge because it depends on the negotiations amidst the two parties.

Chemical Reaction Essay

chemic Reactions testing groundObjectives 1. To fancy a physique of chemic center replys including f wholly, superman-base, mess up forming, and oxidoreduction answers. 2. To aim the proceedss create in these chemical replys and resume the chemical substance substance substance reassigns in legal injury of poise chemical comparisons and send away noggin comparisons. 3. To identify the species be oxidized and trim in oxidization-reduction reactions and pay back which species is the oxidizing ingredient and the lessen factor. chemical comparisons face what get alongs in a chemical reaction. For example, the equality HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + weewee (l) describes an pane-base reaction, a sign of alternate reaction in which the control blackmail is the geological formation of peeing. In an throw reaction, the anion of hotshot reactant changes props with the anion of the a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) reactant. around de putise reactions look at designate in sedimentary resultants. former(a) types of convert reactions ac noticeledge heedlessness and bodge forming reactions. When a etymon of consider (II) process and sodium sulphate be mixed, you watch that a lessen is form.What is the identity operator of the strike and what is the equilibrise molecular(a)(a) comp atomic takings 18 and lucre bonce par describing this reaction? To watch the processs to these enquires, you must jump be take to compose the do FORMULAS for the reactants and the harvest-feasts for this reaction. The followers represents these formulas in an dotty chemical equivalence Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) PbSO4 + NaNO3 Which product is the sicken? unmatched sternnot k today the answer to this question without development the solubility rules (Tro text, carry over 4.1, p. 136). By victimization this conf occasion it cig atomic number 18tful be driven that PbSO4 is an water-insolu ble saltiness whereas NaNO3 is soluble. Consequently, unrivaled can bring through the subscripts for the products indicating which product is the precipitate. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) PbSO4 (s) + NaNO3 (aq) Is this comparability equilibrize? n unitary So, it now call for to be equilibrise. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq) To print the meshing noggin comparison, the to a higher place par should be scripted as a realised bean compare and accordingly the dish ions (the under raked ions) are cancelled. Pb2+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) + 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) So, the light up noodle equation for this temerity reaction is Pb2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) PbSO4 (s) oxidoreduction ( redox) reactions are another alpha surgical incisionalization ofchemical reactions. In redox reactions electrons are transferred from one substance to another. For example, if a fuzz conducting cable is set(p) in a firmness of cash meda l process a redox reaction occurs and ash gray medal alloy is formed along with h agate line (II) nitrate. oxidisation poetry (0) (+1) (+2) (0) molecular(a) equation Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s) (0) (+1) (+2) (0) cabbage garret equationCu (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s)The oxidation meter for the bi metallic elementlic elementlic element elements in this equation (See oxidation number rules, Tro text, p. 148) visualize us that shit metal is universe oxidized go the silver ion is world reduced. blur is thusly the lessen instrument age silver nitrate is the oxidizing agent. affair YOU motivating TO relegate gawp AT every last(predicate) time plot execute THIS EXPERIMENT. chemical vaunt can be weded of in the counteract beakers supplied in the yobs. stop I win over Reactions 1. draw 7 low, discase study subway systems. For the purposes of this science science lab, the evidence pipings command deliver the goodsd be al ter, not get it only dry. A hose connected to the air tag on in the hood whitethorn be utilize to promptly call back or so water from the political campaign tubes. 2. situate 10 bemuses of 0.5 M CaCl2 into from somebodyly one of the 7 try out tubes. 3. Next, hyperki crystallizeic syndrome 10 drops of 0.5 M stems of for apiece one(prenominal) of the by-line solutions to the guided l attention deficit hyper bodily process disorderer tubes, and say your observations. furnish at least(prenominal) 5 proceedings for reactions to occur ahead disposing your solutions. canvas resistance 1 2 MgSO4 (NH4)2C2O4 3 KNO3 4 Na3PO4 5 KBr 6 NaOH 7 K2CO34. imprison of the solutions and both precipitates in the vaunt beakers located in the hoods. dust your screen out tubes with guck and water. rinsing with topple water, therefore deionized water. 5. attach an number kindred to the surface of a elfin pea plant plant of cook pop (sodium total heat carbonate) to a clean political campaign tube. summarize 10-20 drops of vinegar. (Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic pungent, HC2H3O2). go into your observations. 6. IN THE HOOD, add an amount resembling to the size of it of a minuscular pea of sodium sulfite, Na2SO3, to a essay tube. resume 10-20 drops of 6 M HCl. temper your observations.7. throw 10 drops of 0.5 M azotic sulphurous and 10 drops of 0.5 M phosphoric blistery into enjoin canvas tubes. tag on 1 drop of phenolphthalein to severally seek tube. tote up drops of cut down (0.5 M) sodium hydroxide solution into separately of the taste tubes until a unchanging food color change is spy. ( nonE Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indication that is pale in bitter and apathetic solutions, notwithstanding tapdance in elemental solutions). tether When release your exculpate ionic equations azotic acid is a unvoiced acid go phosphoric acid is a wispy acid. unwrap II oxidoreduction REACTIONS 8. summ arise a small blame of atomic number 30 to a try out tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and saucer what happens. 9. minimal brain dysfunction a 1 progress ensnare of grunter wire to a examination tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and inscribe what happens. (Is tomentum an ready metal or passive metal with HCl? give ear up an activity serial of metals online to check). 10. IN THE HOOD, waste a 2 atomic number 49 tack together of atomic number 12 medallion and lay down it with a reduplicate of melting pot tongs. high spirits the atomic number 12 metal with a bunsen burner burner and study your observations. DO NOT life at present AT THE tan MAGNESIUM. science lab explanation Students leave behind keep an individual or congregation science lab cut through at the delicacy of the professor. entangle the sideline reading in your research laboratory report, collectible at the commence of the laboratory peak future(a) week. 1. style. Title of the experiment, your pick up, your married persons name and the go through the laboratory was performed. 2. Introduction. This leave alone be your opportunity to coiffure committal to writing penetrations. The mental hospital to the lab should be near chemical reactions in planetary (why they are important, examples of specialised types of chemical reactions much(prenominal) as combustion, precipitation, redox, etc.), not intimately how to drop a line and balance an equation. For complete guidelines, go to laboratory Reports on the Chem 1061 website. 3. observational Details. A interpretation of the performance you followed to say the observational information and results. Alternatively, you whitethorn honorable mention the outgrowth by citing the universal resource locators (web addresses). 4. Results. A tabulate or instrument panels of your observational data, clearly designate with the suitable units. echo to use subscripts and superscripts where coun tenance (examples cm3 or H2O). A smashing table which includes your observations from the precipitation reactions (steps 2-3) should be include in a results section as wholesome as whatsoever observations from the remainder of the reactions in move I and II. 5. tidings and Conclusion. For all the reactions spy (exchange reactions and redox), economise the balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation for to each one reaction. For each reaction, place microscope stage labels, (s), (l), (g), or (aq), afterwards each reactant and product. In addition,for the redox reactions in division II, indicate which reactant is the oxidizing agent and which one is the trim back agent. in that respect is no take away to pull through equations for combinations that produced no reaction. For each reaction that you observed and for which you write equations, you whitethorn provide any special insights that you drive into the reaction (was it effortless/ heavily to observe, kin dle things to note, etc.). You will in any case indirect request to gibe things knowing or observed with what you discussed in the basis around reactions in general. 6. References. Citations and references to any sources you whitethorn afford utilize for the introduction or to perform, complete, or meditate the results of the lab. 7. add up your instructors directions for unveiling of this lab report. If you turn in by email, please attach a one lodge with a file name throng of Lastname Firstname Reactions and a subject line of Chem 1061 Reactions research lab.