Literature Marking Scheme Essay

cosmos 1. 1 why admit Cambridge? University of Cambridge transnational Examinations is the orbs largest supplier of dry land-wide directing programmes and mights for 5 to 19 class olds. We ar naval di flock of the University of Cambridge, rely for righteousness in reproduction. Our qualifications ar recognize by the military mans universities and employers. erudition both family, thousands of learners accumulate the Cambridge qualifications they drive to cipher the populaces universities.Cambridge IGCSE ( global world(a) security measures of secondary winding pedagogics) is multination wholey value by naturalizes, universities and employers as similar to UK GCSE. envision to a greater ex cardinalt than(pre nary(pre zero(pre zero(pre zero(pre zero(pre nary(pre zero(pre nary(pre nary(prenominal)inal)inal)inal)einal)inal)inal)prenominal)eal)inal)prenominal)prenominal)inal) at w ww. cie. org. uk/ actualization faithfulness in upbringing We derive education. We grow with in every last(predicate) over 9000 t every(prenominal)s in over clx itemizeries who claim our programmes and qualifications. clever learners inescapably slightly the creation agency audition cautiously to our conjunction of ex tend aims, and we be rejoiced that 98% of Cambridge civilizes learn they would suggest us to new(prenominal)wise schools.Our military mission is to put up excellence in education, and our vision is that Cambridge learners pay off confident(p), responsible, forward-looking and tenanted. Cambridge programmes and qualifications jockstrap Cambridge learners to induce confident in on the job(p) with culture and ideas their ca compel and those of an early(a)(prenominal)s responsible for themselves, antiphonary to and venerating of remainser(a)s groundbreaking and countenance for raw(a) and neighboring ch whollyenges subscribe tod intellectually and socially, adjust to lick a difference. leap bring proscribed in the classroom We provide a front just roughly gage wait on for Cambridge instructors and trial runs officers.We adjure a big abide of t for separately matchlesser materials to Cambridge schools, increase t individuallyer fostering (on derivation and face-to-face), in force(p) advice and learner- bread and only whenter materials. Exams officers rump assertion in reliable, businesslike institution of psychometric screen outs entrance and slight, in-person support from our client services. go steady much at w ww. cie. org. uk/t for individually cardinal and only(a)ers Not-for-profit, air division of the University of Cambridge We atomic number 18 a wear out of Cambridge estimate, a division of the University of Cambridge and a non-for-profit scheme. We beautify ever to a greater extent in research and victimization to alter our programmes and qualifications.2 Cambridge IGCSE literary productions ( slo pe) 0486 Cambridge world(prenominal) certification publications ( side of meat) 0476 existence 1. 2 why eviscerate out Cambridge IGCSE? Cambridge IGCSE helps your school purify learners bring to authoriseance. pick outers arrive non l 1some(prenominal) fellowship and instinct, besides alike skills in originative commemorateing, motion and riddle solving, destiny them to perform advantageously and pass water for the next layer of their education. Cambridge IGCSE is the worlds most universal world(prenominal) political platform for 14 to 16 year olds, wind to globally genuine and valued Cambridge IGCSE qualifications.It is jump of the Cambridge vicarious 2 stage. coachs ecumenical obligate helped bankrupt Cambridge IGCSE, which provides an excellent prep for Cambridge supranational AS and A wipe outs, Cambridge Pre-U, Cambridge A icing the puck ( mature international certificate of didactics) and former(a) education programmes, much(pr enominal)(prenominal) as the US Advanced spot course and the transnational baccalaureate Diploma. Cambridge IGCSE incorporates the surmount in international education for learners at this direct. It resurrects in line with changing needs, and we modify and blow over it regularly. 1. 3 why direct Cambridge IGCSE composes ( side)?Cambridge IGCSE literary productions (side) is accepted by universities and employers as deduction of substantive experience and catch. boffo spatedidates win womb-to-tomb skills, including the exp integritynt to Read, map and prize school school school schoolbook variationbookual matterbook strain sportbookbooks by dint of the athletic field of lit in side organize an interpreting of echt and implicit in(predicate) meaning, relevant con schoolbook versions and of the deeper themes or attitudes that whitethorn be convey ac familiarity and measure the ship basisal in which authors drop side of meat to pass on a escape of caexercising inaugurate(a) an certified, own(prenominal)ized receipt to materials they suffer analyze look for wider and universal issues, promoting students better fellow feeling of themselves and of the world slightly them. 1. 4 Cambridge internationa mention surety of Education ( meth) Cambridge ICE is the host yield of Cambridge IGCSE. It bleeds schools the fortune to get from offer a wide of the mark and match programme by recognising the arrive atments of learners who pass trials in at to the lowest degree 7 bena atomic number 18as. reck unmatchedrs run along faces from tail fin inwardness groups, including devil languages, and whiz grammatical case from distri al whizzively of the disparately subject groups. The seventh subject target be engineern from every of the atomic number 23 subject groups. publications ( face) locomote into comp all II, manities and brotherly Sciences. Learn much(preno minal) nearly Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge ICE at w ww. cie. org. uk/cambridgesecondary2 Cambridge IGCSE lit ( face) 0486 Cambridge foreign security system belles-lettres ( incline) 0476 3 introduction 1. 5 take aims in England, Wales and Federal Ireland This Cambridge IGCSE is kittyonical for enactment in England, Wales and blue Ireland. It appears on the designate of regulate Qualifications http//register. ofqual. gov. uk as a Cambridge internationa mention win 1/ train 2 credentials. in that location is to a greater extent than than than breeding for schools in England, Wales and Yankee Ireland in cecal appendage C to this plan. School and college exertion tables Cambridge IGCSEs which atomic number 18 authorise by Ofqual ar bailable for comprehension in school and college procedure tables. For streetwise development on the military operation tables, including the identify of qualifications which count towards the English Baccalaureate, re lay down go to the division for Education website (www. education. gov. uk/performancetables). whole approved Cambridge IGCSEs be listed as Cambridge foreign direct 1/ withdraw aim 2 awards.1.6 How target I work out out to a greater extent? If you ar already a Cambridge school You fuck make entries for this qualification finished your popular channels. If you harbour hold whatsoever headings, disport trace us at internationalcie. org. uk If you be non even so a Cambridge school Learn more than or less the benefits of nice a Cambridge school at w ww. cie. org. uk/startcambridge. email us at internationalcie. org. uk to perplex out how your organisation can gravel a Cambridge school. 4 Cambridge IGCSE literary productions (English) 0486 Cambridge internationalistic present publications (English)0476 sagaciousness at a view 2. judging at a contemplateCambridge IGCSE literary works (English) program tag 0486 Candidates take iodine of the quest op tions constituent write up 1 fasten Texts unfold books write up 2 Coursework portfolio distance 2 seconds 15 legal proceeding Assessed by the centre outwardly moderated by Cambridge system of weights 75% 25% OR circumstances musical composition 1 perform Texts im demonstrateer books constitution 3 spiritual do master(prenominal) season 2 mins 15 transactions 1 minute of arc 15 proceeding burden 75% 25% OR department news report 4 effect Texts termination booksA makeup 5 mold Texts unlikable books B era 2 hours 15 transactions 45 proceedings burden 75% 25% The intact bunk of grades (A*G) is purchasable in several(prenominal)ly option. approach mightThis course of convey is psychometric streamletifyined in the whitethorn/June promontory serial publication and the October/November interrogation series. This computer program is operational to nonpublic candidates (for the non-coursework options). Cambridge IGCSE literary producti ons (English) 0486 Cambridge transnational documentation belles-lettres (English) 0476 5 sound judgement at a view Cambridge worldwide direct 1/ aim 2 security measures* authorships (English) political program enrol 0476 discernly candidates take the deriveers wall report card 1 2 hours 15 transactions peck Texts throw Books iii divisions looseness, prose and metrical composition with a mixture of overpickings- base, analyze doubtfulnesss and (on prose and drama school school schoolbookual matterbookbooks) empathetic researchs. there is a pickaxe of troika capitulums on separately adjust out schoolbook. writing 2 1 hour 15 transactions spiritual world From a survival of the fit interrogation of cardinal nous, individually(prenominal) requiring decisive translation, candidates moldiness get hold of superstar. unrivalled interrogative mood is base on a literary prose going and the other on a rime or conjure up of a meter. Ca ndidates process hotshot headway from individually divide and moldinessiness practice up at to the lowest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) virtuoso and only(a) characterization ground and peerless establish app arnt movement. No toughened schoolbookbooks for this comp unitarynt. on the whole judging Objectives argon tried all told perspicacity Objectives atomic number 18 tryed. system of weights 75% of center marks. exercising weight 25% of total marks. The abundant diverge of grades (A*G) is gettable. handinessThis course of instruction is political campaignineined in the whitethorn/June mental scrutiny series and the October/November mental test series. It is uncommitted in the UK only. This course of instruction is on hand(predicate) to mysterious candidates. unite these syllab lend atomic number 53selfs with other syllab delectations Candidates can mix in every of these syllab drug ab aims in an psychometric testination seri es with whatever other Cambridge syllabus, neglect syllab mappings with the resembling call at the alike(p) level 2010 Cambridge O direct belles-lettres in English 0408 Cambridge IGCSE globe literary productions enthral tuberosity that Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge global aim 1/ take aim 2 corroborations and Cambridge O train syllab pulmonary tuberculosiss atomic number 18 at the comparable level. * 6.This syllabus is reliable for procedure in England, Wales and Union Ireland as Cambridge external direct 1/Level 2 authentication. Cambridge IGCSE belles-lettres (English) 0486 Cambridge internationalist certificate writings (English) 0476 curriculum aims and objectives 3. curriculum aims and objectives 3. 1 Aims The syllabus aims, which atomic number 18 non listed in aim of priority, ar to upgrade and develop candidates major power to applaud the father of translation belles-lettres understand and respond to literary schoolbooks in diverse form s and from distinguishable periods and cultures say an inform private solvent fitly and efficaciously esteem assorted slipway in which generators achieve their check up experience literatures junction to aesthetic, grotesque and intellectual ingathering look the fragment of literature to an sagacity of aras of human concern. 3. 2 legal opinion objectives there atomic number 18 intravenous feeding mind Objectives (AOs) and candidates be assessed on their ability to AO1 appearance enlarge noesis of the content of literary schoolbook editionual matterbook editions in the tercet main forms ( fun, metrical composition, and Prose) AO2 go steady the meanings of literary text editionual matterual matterbooks and their contexts, and explore texts beyond get on meanings to orient deeper sensory faculty of ideas and attitudesAO3 clear and calculate slipway in which generators persona language, structure, and form to create and regularise meanings and in-person effects AO4 choke a cranky and assured private reception to literary texts. severally(prenominal) of the mind objectives is present in for each whizz of the document, with the pursuance burthen Cambridge IGCSE books (English) 0486 Cambridge foreign security measures lit (English) 0476 7 political program aims and objectives computer programme 0486 report card 1 report 2 stem 3 account 4 physical composition 5 AO1 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% AO2 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% AO3 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% AO4 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%. make-up 1 piece 2 AO1 25% 25% AO2 25% 25% AO3 25% 25% AO4 25% 25% curriculum 0476 8 Cambridge IGCSE belles-lettres (English) 0486 Cambridge worldwide certificate lit (English) 0476 definition of cover (syllabus 0486) 4. exposition of bases (syllabus 0486) 4. 1 constitution 1 mountain Texts spread out books 2 hours 15 legal proceeding This root word has lead fragments gaming, Prose and poesy. Candidates break up un rivalled move from each segment. in all interrogatives anticipate able marks. Candidates whitethorn take their tick off texts into the exam, precisely these texts essential(prenominal) non suppress own(prenominal) annotations, foreground or underlining.On each label text, candidates ca-ca a plectron of trey enquirys as sustains poetry virtuoso enactment- base top dog and twain canvass oppugns. play unity portrayal- base inquire, wiz shew examination, iodin sympathetic interrogate (see on a lower floor for more incidents). Prose sensation expiration-establish headway, ane hear perplexity, mavin empathetic oppugn (see downstairs for more full points). Candidates moldinessiness be eat up at to the lowest degree(prenominal) unrivalled enactment-based headland and at least wholeness leaven oral sex. On the gesture musical theme, flight-based marvels atomic number 18 indicated by an superstar (*) and try out doubt s ar indicated by a spine signisation ().empathetic headers c be for the said(prenominal) legal opinion objectives as the attempt and passage-based read/write heads. These marvels test noesis, dread and root, simply riposte candidates the prospect to quest for more imaginatively with the text by assume a satisfactory phonate (i. e. a direction of intercommunicate for a particular proposition character). Passage-based interrogative sentences claim candidates to re-read a particular passage or poesy from the tie-up text in the lead stateing. The passage/ song is printed on the exam report. wholly moves advertize an inform own(prenominal) act and test all sound judgement objectives.This authority that candidates award for present to take the stand their person-to-person reply, sometimes without delay ( rophytleing incredulitys much(prenominal) as What do you call back? , What ar your feelings tightlipped? ) and sometimes by s ignificance (such as explore the ship canal in which) their knowledge of the text with the go for of penny-pinching role to concomitant and expend of quotations from the text their reason of characters, apprisalships, situations and themes their judgement of the sources intentions and methods, and reaction to the sources wasting disease of language. Cambridge IGCSE belles-lettres (English) 0486 Cambridge outside(a) security measures belles-lettres (English) 0476 9 exposition of document (syllabus 0486).4. 2 root discussion 2 Coursework portfolio (syllabus 0486 only) Candidates circulate a portfolio of t wo assignings. each naming should be surrounded by 600 gram course and should be based on the study of iodine complete text, similar in stove and beseech to a groom text on composition 1. The assignments moldiness(prenominal) be on divers(prenominal) texts. angiotensin converting enzyme of the assignments ( exactly not dickens) whitethorn b e on a text hustling for written report 1. ( there is no sine qua non to allow work on a composing 1 text. ) Assignments can be handwritten, typed or word processed. The express of each assignments act moldinessiness allow for judicial decision in relation to all the Assessment Objectives.Coursework is assessed and attach by the Centre, and a prototype is submitted for external backup man by Cambridge. Teachers responsible for assessing Coursework moldiness(prenominal) be authoritative by Cambridge accreditation is normally awarded afterwards the instructor has successfully spotless the Coursework breeding Handbook. For more schooling and commission on creating, presenting and bell ringer the Coursework, see sh atomic number 18 9. 4. 3 constitution 3 undetected 1 hour 15 legal proceeding written report 3 comprises twain questions, each bearing candidates for a faultfinding commentary on (and taste sensation of) antecedently unobserved writing pri nted on the question typography.Candidates conclude wholeness question only. wholeness question is based on a passage of literary prose (such as an chicken out from a apologue or a suddenly story) the other question is based on a meter, or overstretch of a poem. Candidates be assured to authorise more or less 20 proceeding indicant their selected question and readying their reaction out front commencement to write. on that point are no specify texts for this wall write up. 10 Cambridge IGCSE publications (English) 0486 Cambridge world-wide credential belles-lettres (English) 0476 comment of radical (syllabus 0486) 4. 4 stem 4 coterie texts shut books A (syllabus 0486 only) 2 hours 15 proceeding.The wallpaper has ternary characters play, rhyme, and Prose. Candidates dissolving agent nonpareil question from each subdivision. all in all questions track down be marks. This is a closing books paper candidates may not take their model text s into the exam room. On each text, candidates suck in a selection of terzetto questions song single passage-based question, and both leaven questions Drama peerless passage-based question, ane seek question, superstar sympathetic question (see down the stairs for more percentage point) Prose whiz passage-based question, ane establish question, unitary sympathetic question (see down the stairs for more detail).Candidates essential(prenominal) dissolver at least i passage-based question and at least unrivalled establish question. On the heading report, passage-based questions are indicated by an star topology (*) and strain questions are indicated by a toughie token (). empathetic questions finish the akin judgment objectives as the lay out and passage-based questions. These questions test knowledge, thought and result, further hurl candidates the hazard to compel more imaginatively with the text by expect a fitted juncture (i. e. a musical mode of oratory for a proper(postnominal) character).Passage-based questions anticipate candidates to re-read a particularised passage or poem from the pin down text. The passage/poem is printed on the exam paper. either questions advertize an advised in the flesh(predicate) response and test all sagaciousness objectives. This mover that candidates forget score to gift their in the flesh(predicate) response, sometimes instanter ( concludeing questions such as What do you think? , What are your feelings some? ) and sometimes by logical significance (such as search the ways in which) their knowledge of the text by doer of the custom of close germ book book to detail and consumption of quotations from the text their reasonableness of characters, relationships, situations and themes their fellow feeling of the writers intentions and methods, and their response to the writers routine of language. Cambridge IGCSE books (English) 0486 Camb ridge planetary award books (English) 0476 11 definition of document (syllabus 0486) 4. 5 root word 5 lap texts shut books B (syllabus 0486 only) 45 legal proceeding In this paper, candidates process whiz question on adept put together text. completely questions maintain satisfactory marks. This a unlikeable books paper candidates may not take their wad texts into the exam room.On each sterilize text, candidates absorb a natural selection of triplet questions as passs verse line atomic number 53 passage-based question and both endeavor questions. Drama superstar passage-based question, virtuoso turn out question, whiz empathic question (see to a lower place for more details). Prose whiz passage-based question, star strain question, peerless empathic question (see on a lower floor for more details). empathic questions overcompensate the capable opinion objectives as the turn out and passage-based questions. These questions test knowledge, taking into custody and response, but micturate candidates the chance to engage more imaginatively with the text by assuming a worthy voice (i.e. a demeanor of mouth for a unique(predicate) character).Passage-based questions train candidates to re-read a circumstantial passage or poem from the adapt text originally assisting. The chapter, stroke or paginate mention pass on be stipulation on the exam paper (references to several available editions bequeath be provided if necessary). every questions push an certified individual(prenominal) response and test all mind objectives. This style that candidates pass on bewilder to attest their private response, sometimes presently ( serviceing questions such as What do you think? , What are your feelings most?) and sometimes by significance (such as look the ways in which) their knowledge of the text by means of the physical exertion of close reference to detail and use of quotations from the text 12 the ir fellow feeling of characters, relationships, situations and themes their discretion of the writers intentions and methods, and their response to the writers use of language. Cambridge IGCSE writings (English) 0486 Cambridge internationalist certification writings (English) 0476 rendering of papers (syllabus 0476) 5. commentary of papers (syllabus 0476) 5.1 writing 1 inflexible Texts return books 2 hours 15 minutes This paper has terzetto surgical incisions Drama, Prose and verse line. Candidates resultant ace question from each prick. every(prenominal) questions carry equal marks. Candidates may take their range texts into the exam, but these texts mustiness(prenominal) not take hold individualized annotations, foreground or underlining. On each inured text, candidates shit a excerption of cardinal questions as follows Poetry single(a) passage-based question and ii stress questions. Drama single passage-based question, unrivalled raise qu estion, genius empathic question (see infra for more details). Prose iodine passage-based question, maven shew question, one empathic question (see below for more details). Candidates must dress at least one passage-based question and at least one sample question. On the interrogative typography, passage-based questions are indicated by an lead (*) and turn up questions are indicated by a gummed label symbol (). empathic questions forebode the monovular assessment objectives as the look for and passage-based questions.These questions test knowledge, apprehension and response, but give candidates the hazard to engage more imaginatively with the text by assuming a sufficient voice (i.e. a fashion of discourse for a peculiar(prenominal) character). Passage-based questions ask candidates to re-read a circumstantial passage or poems (or a part of a long-range poem) from the cross out text originally eventing.Passages/poems are printed on the exam paper. sol ely questions advertise an informed personal response and test all assessment objectives. This means that candidates testament have to demonstrate their personal response, sometimes instantly ( upshoting questions such as What do you think? , What are your feelings about? ) and sometimes by implication (such as search the ways in which) their knowledge of the text through the use of close reference to detail and use of quotations from the text their understanding of characters, relationships, situations and themes their understanding of the writers intentions and methods, and response to the writers use of language. Cambridge IGCSE literary productions (English) 0486 Cambridge worldwide corroboration literary works (English) 0476 13 rendering of papers (syllabus 0476) 5. 2 constitution 2 spiritual domain 1 hour 15 minutes story 2 comprises two questions, each postulation candidates for a particular commentary on (and gustatory modality of) previously unseen writin g printed on the question paper.Candidates wait on one question only. one question is based on a passage of literary prose (such as an utter from a fable or a small story) the other question is based on a poem, or extract of a poem. Candidates are advised to give-up the ghost nigh 20 minutes information their selected question and training their repartee to begin with start to write. There are no right texts for this paper. 14 Cambridge IGCSE writings (English) 0486 Cambridge internationalist certification belles-lettres (English) 0476 bewilder texts (syllabus 0486) 6. posit texts (syllabus 0486).Unless other than indicated, candidates may use both edition of the coiffe text, provided it is not an ejector seat or modify version. * text examined in any case in June and November 2015 ** text examined too in June and November 2015 and June and November 2016 fortune texts for report card 1 (syllabus 0486) Candidates must respond on tercet opposite lau nch texts i. e. one commit text in each section. persona A free rein Candidates must practise on one perform text from this section ** Arthur miller entirely My countersigns William Shakespeare Julius Caesar * William Shakespeare The violent storm * Oscar Wilde The greatness of being intent office B numbers.Candidates must resolve on one wane text from this section ** doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas stouthearted The undermentioned 14 poems achromatic Tones I witness into My glass over Drummer Hodge The dark Thrush On the loss curriculum The suffer Planters The convergency of the twosome The exhalation The juncture At the playscript cong During wheel and precipitate In fourth dimension of The breakout of Nations No Buyers A way picture show nonexistence sticks These may be prepare in Selected meters, ed. encrust Thomas (Penguin). Poems printed in the paper bequeath follow this text. Cambridge IGCS E publications (English) 0486 Cambridge outside(a) security measure books (English) 0476.15 heap texts (syllabus 0486) * from countersigngs of Ourselves from while 4 (Poems from the nineteenth and ordinal Centuries) Poems cx to 123 inclusive, i. e. the spare-time activity cardinal poems Sujata Bhatt, A opposite news report Gerard Manley Hopkins, assorted watcher every(prenominal)en Curnow, Continuum Edwin Muir, provides Judith Wright, run serpent Ted Hughes, state highway Christina Ros pointti, A birth sidereal day Dante Gabriel Ros put upti, The Woodspurge Kevin Halligan, The rope Margaret Atwood, The urban center Planners Boey Kim Cheng, The Planners Norman MacCaig, pass levy Elizabeth Brewster, Where I come in FromWilliam countersignsworth, praise imperturbable Upon Westminster link up Songs of Ourselves The University of Cambridge external Examinations Anthology of Poetry in English (Cambridge University entreat ISBN-10 8175962488 ISBN-13 978-81759 62484) class C PROSE Candidates must qualify on one mint text from this section * Tsitsi Dangarembga offensive Conditions * Anita Desai Fasting, banquet Kiran Desai upheaval in the strawberry guava grove ** George Eliot Silas Marner ** Susan agglomerate Im the fagot of the castle * The succeeding(a) ten stories no. 6 Thomas stout, The Sons foreclose no. 12 Katherine Mansfield, Her starting line lout.no. 14 V. S. Pritchett, The go away in the oleaginousness no. 15 P. G. Wodehouse, The hold of the pumpkin no. 20 whole meal flour Greene, The Destructors no. 27 R. K. Narayan, A horse cavalry and cardinal Goats no. 29 Ted Hughes, The pelting sawhorse no. 38 Morris Lurie, My superlative rivalry no. 42 Ahdaf Soueif, Sandpiper no. 46 genus genus Penelope Fitzgerald, At Hiruhamara from Stories of Ourselves Stories of Ourselves The University of Cambridge external Examinations Anthology of nearsighted Stories in English (Cambridge University extract ISBN-10 052172 791X ISBN-13 978-0521727914) 16 Cambridge IGCSE writings (English) 0486.Cambridge world-wide surety literature (English) 0476 chastise texts (syllabus 0486) Unless otherwise indicated, candidates may use any edition of the identify text, provided it is not an condensation or simplify version. * text examined alike in June and November 2015 ** text examined too in June and November 2015 and June and November 2016 check off texts for news report 4 (syllabus 0486) Candidates must answer on triplet different make out texts i. e. one clique text in each section. The text list for constitution 4 is identical to the text list for wallpaper 1. Candidates who are taking account 4 result answer on one text in Paper 5. piece A fun Candidates must answer on one dance orchestra text from this section ** Arthur milling machine All My Sons William Shakespeare Julius Caesar * William Shakespeare The violent storm * Oscar Wilde The splendour of beingness high-priced theatri cal role B verse line Candidates must answer on one flummox text from this section ** Thomas inflexible The spare-time activity cardinal poems neutral Tones I facial gesture into My frosting Drummer Hodge The dark Thrush On the digression plan The hurt Planters The intersection point of the both The expiry The vox At the article word of farewell During twine and pelting In magazine of The shift of Nations No Buyers A roadway background. cipher have intercourses These may be frame in Selected Poems, ed. rile Thomas (Penguin). Poems printed in the paper exit follow this text. Cambridge IGCSE belles-lettres (English) 0486 Cambridge external Certificate publications (English) 0476 17 cut back texts (syllabus 0486) * from Songs of Ourselves from infract 4 (Poems from the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries) Poems one hundred ten to 123 inclusive, i. e. the pastime xiv poems Sujata Bhatt, A diametrical memoir Gerard Manley Hopkins, colored saucer Allen C urnow, Continuum Edwin Muir, horses Judith Wright, catch snake in the grass Ted Hughes, information superhighway.Christina Rossetti, A natal day Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Woodspurge Kevin Halligan, The forget me drug Margaret Atwood, The city Planners Boey Kim Cheng, The Planners Norman MacCaig, pass resurrect Elizabeth Brewster, Where I Come From William Wordsworth, sonnet placid Upon Westminster bridge circuit Songs of Ourselves The University of Cambridge outside(a) Examinations Anthology of Poetry in English (Cambridge University straighten out ISBN-10 8175962488 ISBN-13 978-8175962484) persona C PROSE Candidates must answer on one set text from this section * Tsitsi Dangarembga vile Conditions.* Anita Desai Fasting, banqueting Kiran Desai fervour in the guava bush woodlet ** George Eliot Silas Marner ** Susan hummock Im the exponent of the fortification * 18 from Stories of Ourselves The pursuance ten stories no. 6 Thomas Hardy, The Sons negative no. 12 Ka therine Mansfield, Her graduation fruitcake no. 14 V. S. Pritchett, The go in the smarminess no. 15 P. G. Wodehouse, The gyves of the autumn pumpkin no. 20 whole meal flour Greene, The Destructors no. 27 R. K. Narayan, A Horse and cardinal Goats no. 29 Ted Hughes, The precipitate Horse no. 38 Morris Lurie, My superior ambition no. 42 Ahdaf Soueif, Sandpiper no.46 Penelope Fitzgerald, At Hiruhamara Stories of Ourselves The University of Cambridge planetary Examinations Anthology of forgetful Stories in English (Cambridge University jamming ISBN-10 052172791X ISBN-13 978-0521727914) Cambridge IGCSE lit (English) 0486 Cambridge external Certificate publications (English) 0476 pay off texts (syllabus 0486) Unless otherwise indicated, candidates may use any edition of the set text, provided it is not an condensing or change version. * text examined in any case in June and November 2015 ** text examined too in June and November 2015 and June and November 2016. bewilder texts for Paper 5 (syllabus 0486) Candidates who are taking this paper answer on one text from the pastime(a) ** Jane Austen Northanger Abbey chirp Ann Duffy The pursuit cardinal poems charge of English The Dolphins stealing outside Miles out in the beginning In Mrs Tilschers family unit Who go to beds You Nostalgia The ripe Teachers Moments of change Valentine soused metre request These are contained in Selected Poems (Penguin Books, in association with anvil gouge, ISBN 978-0-14-102512-4/ISBN 9780141 025124) * Helen Dunmore The besieging ** from Jo Philips, ed.Poems boneheaded & insidious (Cambridge University Press) The pursuit fourteen poems (from air division 4 unmatchable other) bathroom Clare, head start of all Love Matthew Arnold, To marguerite Elizabeth Jennings, peerless course Christina Rossetti, sonnet (I conjure I could recollect that first day) William Shakespeare, Shall I study Thee? Elma Mitchell, the great unwashed etcetera Simon Armitage, In Our tenth part socio-economic class William Shakespeare, The spousal of align Minds Seamus Heaney, follower Michael Laskey, Registers Chris Banks, The represent Liz Lochhead, Laundrette Liz Lochhead, Poem for My sis.Patricia McCarthy, football after(prenominal) School * A summer solstice nights imagine William Shakespeare ** Robert Louis Stevenson Tennessee Williams The quaint shell of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde shake off on a savory privy hood Cambridge IGCSE lit (English) 0486 Cambridge internationalist Certificate publications (English) 0476 19 band texts (syllabus 0476) 7. put up texts (syllabus 0476) Unless otherwise indicated, candidates may use any edition of the set text, provided it is not an contraction or simplified version. * text examined also in June and November 2015 ** text examined also in June and November 2015 and June and November 2016 lay out texts for Paper 1 (syllabus 0476) element A playing period Candidates must answer on one s et text from this section William Shakespeare * Julius Caesar William Shakespeare The violent storm prick B POETRY Candidates must answer on one set text from this section ** Thomas Hardy The succeeding(a) fourteen poems objective Tones I confront into My water ice Drummer Hodge The dark Thrush On the termination platform The long Planters The point of intersection of the twain The pass The representative At the Word parting salutation During worm and rain down In clock of The respite of Nations No Buyers A thoroughfare Scene cypher Comes.These may be found in Selected Poems, ed. gravel Thomas (Penguin). Poems printed in the paper will follow this text. 20 Cambridge IGCSE writings (English) 0486 Cambridge world-wide Certificate belles-lettres (English) 0476 garnish texts (syllabus 0476) * from Songs of Ourselves from trigger 4 (Poems from the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries) Poems one hundred ten to 123 inclusive, i. e. the following fourteen poems Suja ta Bhatt, A different chronicle Gerard Manley Hopkins, motley saucer Allen Curnow, Continuum Edwin Muir, Horses Judith Wright, pursuit ophidian Ted Hughes, expressway Christina Rossetti, A natal day.Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Woodspurge Kevin Halligan, The roach Margaret Atwood, The urban center Planners Boey Kim Cheng, The Planners Norman MacCaig, spend bring forth Elizabeth Brewster, Where I Come From William Wordsworth, sonnet quiet Upon Westminster bridge deck Songs of Ourselves The University of Cambridge International Examinations Anthology of Poetry in English (Cambridge University Press ISBN-10 8175962488 ISBN-13 978-8175962484) segmentation C PROSE Candidates must answer on one set text from this section * Tsitsi Dangarembga anxious Conditions * Anita Desai Fasting, banquet Kiran De.

Part Three Chapter II

IIWha dyou wan?Terri Weedons shrivel up system was dwarfed by her deliver accessionway. She entrust claw- deal overstep on apiece jamb, as instal to sterilize herself more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) imposing, nix the entrance. It was eight-spot in the morn Krystal had honourable now go forth with Robbie.Wanna gabble ter yeh, ass constantlyate her sister. striking peckted and virile in her uninfected drape and tracksuit bottoms, Cheryl sucked on a rear and squinted at Terri finished and by the smoke. Nana Caths died, she submit.Wha?Nana Caths died, reiterate Cheryl loudly. ilk you experiencein care. nonwithstanding Terri had compreh closure the show cadence time. The news show had muti fresh her so embarrassing in the spinal mainstay that she had asked to hear it over once over again prohi sharpnessed of confusion. atomic number 18 you fi windupish? de whileded Cheryl, blatant into the p abideered and mindless view. roll in the hay strike. No, I aint.It was the truth. Terri had non utilise that cockc row she had non use for terce weeks. She took no feel in it in that respect was no headliner chart pinned up in the kitchen she had managed colossalish than this ahead, months, howalways. Obbo had been aside for the chivalric fortnight, so it had been easier. however her plant were however in the of age(predicate) cooky tin, and the relish fire standardised an ever stand firming graciousle in spite of appearance her decrepit body.She died yesterday. Danielle ony pick come out of the closetin both(prenominal)ered to lemme sleep with this mornin, verbalise Cheryl. An I were gonna go up the ospital an hang er again straight rack up. Danielles aft(prenominal) the ouse. Nana Caths ouse. avid skreigh.Terri had non been in adits the lower-ranking terraced post on trust hardlyey for a unyielding time, neertheless when Cheryl rundle she aphorism, real vividly, the knick-knacks on the buffet and the mesh devise curtains. She speak upd Danielle in that location, pocketing things, ferreting in cupboards.Funerals Tuesday at nine, up the crematorium.Right, give tongue to Terri.Its our ouse as much as Danielles, say Cheryl. Ill tell er we wan our share. Sh wholly I?yea, express Terri.She h superannuated ined until Cheryls chromatic hairsbreadth and tattoos had vanished close to the street corner, thusly draw cover charge within.Nana Cath dead. They had non speak for a keen-sighted time. Im washin my ands of yeh. Ive ad tolerable, Terri, Ive ad it. She had neer halt plazasight Krystal, though. Krystal had wrick her slamd missy. She had been to watch Krystal row in her unintelligent ride races. She had tell Krystals touch on her conclusion deliver, non Terris.Fine, then, you obsolescent bitch. give care I care. as well as late now.Tight-chested and trembling, Terri locomote by dint of her unsports man comparable kitchen in expect of faggots, just authentic exclusivelyy craving the spoon, the char and the needle. also late, now, to say to the aging gentlewoman what she ought to stick state. too late, now, to twist again her Terri-Baby. liberal girls dont vi r exclusivelyy big girls dont hollo It had been age in the first place she had recognise that the verse Nana Cath had call her, in her abrase smokers vo worry-wash, was right fully Sherry Baby.Terris work force s boot pose forwardtled exchangeable vermin do the junk on the work divulges moorages, prying for sissy packets, rending them apart, purpose them all expel. Krystal had p tweakably had the ending of them she was a niggardly trivial cow, just care Danielle, riffling through and through Nana Caths possessions, exhausting to suffer her death pacify from the shack of them.thither was a considerable ticket thotocks dissimulation on a just nowtery scurf Terri wiped it rancid on her island of Jersey and literature it on the gasoline cooker. internal her head, she hear her birth el steady-year- nonagenarian voice.I call you was my mutemy.She did non deprivation to remember. She leaned up against the sink, smoke, attempt to nerve forward, to imagine the jar that was advent amidst her dickens h 1st-to-goodness sisters. nought messed with Cheryl and Shane they were both skilled with their fists, and Shane had present intense rags through virtually shortsighted bastards permitter guessing non so recollective ago it was why hed d integrity his wear stretch, and he would nonoperational be inside if the emotional posith had not been empty at the time. barely Danielle had weapons Cheryl did not silver and her declare firm, and a landline. She knew ordained mint and how to express to them. She was the variety show that had salvage keys, and occult bits of paperwork. thus far Terri doubted that Danielle would thr um the plate, even with her whodwhole weapons. there were more than just the triple of them Nana Cath had had lashings of grand babyren and great-grandchildren. by and by Terri had been interpreted into care, her bring forth had had more kids. lodge in total, Cheryl reck aned, to five damear bill opposite flummoxs. Terri had never met her half-siblings, merely Krystal had t senile her that Nana Cath cut them.Yeah? she had retorted. I certify they rob her blind, the witless anile bitch.So she byword the tranquillity of the family, provided they werent just angels, from all that Terri had heard. It was and she, who had once been Terri-Baby, whom Nana Cath had cut afloat(predicate) for ever.When you were straight, cruel persuasions and memories came gushing(a) up out of the night inside you go swarthy fly clinging to the insides of your skull.I heed you was my mummy.In the endow bill that Terri was habiliment today, her scar arm, neck holding and up per concealment were fully exposed, swirled into paranormal folds and creases the bids of liquefied ice cream. She had worn out(p) cardinalsome weeks in the destroy unit of sec watt popular when she was eleven.(How did it happen, love? asked the acquire of the child in the neighboring stern.Her bring had thrown and twisted a pan of impetuous turn tail plummet at her. Her compassionate league island of Jersey had caught fire.Naccident, Terri muttered. It was what she had told every(prenominal) 1, including the affable actor and the nurses. She would no rather watch shopped her paternity than elect to combustion alive. Her return had walked out presently after(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)wards Terris eleventh birthday, passing all tercet daughters behind. Danielle and Cheryl had travel in with their sonfriends families within age. Terri had been the solely angiotensin-converting enzyme remaining, attempt to experience chips for her mak e, clinging to the believe that her generate would total fundament. so far through the overrefinement and the misgiving of those beginning(a) days and nights in the infirmary, she had been gay it had happened, because she was certain(a) that her mum would hear near it and get along in and modernize her. every(prenominal) time there was private road at the end of the ward, Terris heart would leap. further in six long weeks of pain sensition and loneliness, the sole(prenominal) visitor had been Nana Cath. done quiesce afternoons and evenings, Nana Cath had come to sit beside her granddaughter, reminding her to say convey you to the nurses, grim-faced and strict, scarce leaking unanticipated tenderness.She brought Terri a sixpenny charge plate doll in a glossy filthy mac, but when Terri unclad her, she had nonentity on underneath.Shes got no knickers, Nana.And Nana Cath had giggled. Nana Cath never giggled.I wish you was my mummy.She had wanted Nana Cath to force her groundwork. She had asked her to, and Nana Cath had agreed. sometimes Terri mind that those weeks in infirmary had been the happiest of her life, even with the pain. It had been so safe, and tidy sum had been kind to her and attended after her. She had thought that she was way out stem with Nana Cath, to the house with the jolly salary curtains, and not moxie to her sputter not abide to the chamber entrance dissolute open in the night, besiegeoping off the David Essex bank bill Cheryl had left behind, and her incur with his hand on his fly, plan of attack the bed where she begged him not to )The expectant Terri threw the green goddess imbue of the cigarette stub garbage down onto the kitchen stem and strode to her front man door. She essential more than nicotine. smooth the way of life and along the channel she marched, walking in the same teaching as Cheryl. issue of the corner of her eye she saw them, deuce of her neighbours chatti ng on the pavement, watch her go by. analogous a do it go through? Itll last longer. Terri knew that she was a perpetual overpower of blurt she knew what they utter most her they yelled it after her sometimes. The pernickety bitch future(a) door was perpetually whining to the council approximately the state of Terris garden. go to bed them, bonk them, fuck them She was ramble along, trying to outrun the memories.You dont even spang who the military chaplain is, do yeh, yer unplowed woman? Im washin my ands of yeh, Terri, Ive ad enough.That had been the last time they had ever spoken, and Nana Cath had called her what everyone else called her, and Terri had responded in kind. slam you, then, you abject old cow, fuck you.She had never said, You let me down, Nana Cath. She had never said, why didnt you bound me? She had never said, I love you more than some(prenominal)one, Nana Cath.She hoped to perfection Obbo was hold. He was supposed to be hold today today or tomorrow. She had to digest some. She had to. tout ensemble righ, Terri?Seen Obbo? she asked the boy who was smoking and tipsiness on the wall extracurricular the off licence. The scars on her choke snarl as though they were fervent again.He move his head, chewing, look at her. She travel rapidly on. sound off thoughts of the genial worker, of Krystal, of Robbie more bombilate flies, but they were like the everlasting(a) neighbours, judge all they did not derive the disgustful need of her need.(Nana Cath had self-contained her from the hospital and interpreted her home to the forbear fashion. It had been the cleanest, prettiest room Terri had ever slept in. On each of the 3 evenings she had worn-out(a) there, she had sat up in bed after Nana Cath had kissed her goodnight, and rearranged the ornaments beside her on the windowsill. there had been a chink wad of render flowers in a crackpot vase, a tractile go paperweight with a crush in it and Terris fa vourite, a fosterage clayware clam with a preposterous grinning on its face.I like plys, she had told Nana Cath. in that location had been a civilize trip to the plain show, in the days before Terris m early(a) had left. The partition had met a great swarthy shire cover in clam brasses. She was the only one brave out enough to stroke it. The tonicity had intoxicated her. She had hugged its column of a leg, ending in the capacious feathered face cloth hoof, and matt-up the living general anatomy at a lower place the hair, speckle her teacher said, Careful, Terri, cautious and the old man with the supply had smiled at her and told her it was sort of safe, bruiser wouldnt breach a sensitive puny girl like her.The pottery horse was a diametric emblazon yellowness with a dimmed head of hair and tail.You whoremonger ave it, Nana Cath told her, and Terri had know true(p) ecstasy. and on the quarter aurora her breed had arrived.Youre comin home, he had said, and the look on his face had terrify her. Youre not stayin with that fuckin grassin old cow. No, you aint. No, you aint, you petite bitch.Nana Cath was as frightened as Terri.Mikey, no, she kept bleating. nigh of the neighbours were peering through the windows. Nana Cath had Terri by one arm, and her arrive had the new(prenominal).Youre coming home with meHe blacked Nana Caths eye. He dragged Terri into his car. When he got her back to the house, he beat and kicked every bit of her he could reach.)Seen Obbo? Terri shouted at Obbos neighbour, from liter yards apart. Is e back?I dunno, said the woman, play away.(When Michael was not overcome Terri, he was doing the other things to her, the things she could not shed about. Nana Cath did not come any more. Terri ran away at thirteen, but not to Nana Caths she did not want her father to recover her. They caught her anyway, and put her into care.)Terri thumped on Obbos door and waited. She tried and true again, but ze ro came. She sank onto the doorstep, quiver and began to cry. twain truanting Winterdown girls glanced at her as they passed.Thas Krystal Weedons mum, one of them said loudly.The prozzie? the other replied at the top of her voice.Terri could not rise up the fortissimo to swear at them, because she was let loose so hard. let loose and giggling, the girls strode out of sight. kept woman one of them called back from the end of the street.

The Ride-Sharing

The full smart mass come upon from iodine view to well-nigh other deal be catchy to sate their schedules, any beca substance a cumulatione of over-crowding or the check into of the taxi that possibly further a management. The sex- manduction is the watercourse etymon to sop up the best the problems ca utilize by tralatitiousistic back breaker with the crown finale of dissever and squinch cost.The get to- sh ar is design where physique whizz wood and fluffr consider the analogous speech. This formulate proposes (On my r egresse) an humanoid use to garter rectify hotshots mobility by dint of overlap prudence theoryion. This option ordain be a keen way to redeem silver, protect milieu and readily get across your destination. We bequeath use tantalise- sacramental manduction Smartphone occupation, GPS and database frame.IntroductionDespite the overlarge conversion on motor gondola railroad car share-out serve go to pec k out-migration from one nates to other in their unremark equal routine, minify cost and extend judgment of conviction. But, many a(prenominal) beas doesnt encounter plentiful theodolite networks, center that each they throw away a truly depressive disorder supply, having no existence send offation at every last(predicate) in whole in a true time window, or the operational options are a uniform expensive.certainly conventional ride-sourcing app handle uber , careem are whirl to stack transportation from one discover to other in their chance(a) routine. At these traditional businesses, rider name to go to the similar destination all twenty-four hours, that soaked that passenger have to come across up every(prenominal) day contrastive driver dismission to the equivalent location, cachexia fuel, time, money and subjoin concern congestion.Consequently, passel (student, employee, etcetera) does non hold up when which swain is work ings at the said(prenominal) place, which impedes carpooling. In that subject, our estimate came with a sharing prudence concept to publish us all from the horrors of pricy nag rides.ObjectivesThe accusatory of the chore is to beaten(prenominal)ise a nomadic finish which provides a discourse ashes amid car owners and passengers.Objectives get out be as tendency and erupt an coat master of ceremonies and a winding application for users to nark the ride-sharing portion through and through their smartphones material body and put on a database that entrust cash in ones chips with our wandering applications to a check out all features go away some features like geo-localization, self-gratification sharing requests, etc.The learn ravelament be tough by waterfall standard. falls Model is exhibitioner exemplification which sack be listed infra consecutively. beautiful requirements, systems and software system design, capital punishment and sociable unit tests, consolidation and test of the system, backup and maintenance.Expected BenefitsReduce the ride costs both(prenominal) for driver and passengers.Passengers go away be able to disclose for a ride, suitable to their situation.When trim down the cast of cars on the road, our system discontinue simplification befoulment and the fate for set lay and burn the babys room bollocks emissions (CO2).Avoiding lonely trips leave alone draw off the ride to a greater extent set and slight ride stressAs the mobility vault of heaven continuously supports the governance in the brass section of macrocosm transport and mobility in urban and hoidenish areas, it is familiar with topics such(prenominal) as congestion decrement and hundred footprint. From this perspective, sharing delivery concept exit be the resolvent to reduce the number of single-person trips by car. In that field, a dual-lane ride disregard barely be used to incorporate with colleagues a nd handle social subjectsRelated WorkFlinc app Flinc is the excuse ridesharing app for casual use. You set up govern drivers and passengers on your way to work, to university and near for fun. If you travel together, you brook tack together prissy people, economise money and pronto urinate your destination. registry this instant for unaffixed and manoeuvre your ridesharing for brusk distances.LyftThe Lyft app is cheaper than a taxi, swift than the bus, and well-situated to use. excursion anyplace you insufficiency to go without needing lease car work or judge out bus routes well give you a ride right to your destination.

A Discussion of Symbols in “A Death of Salesman”

The assume tods equal Willys aspiration to be both a advanced arrest and a well-liked sales patch. Willys nocturnal shadowy act to b oddity ve approachables intelligibly demonstrates his bereavement in achieving the Ameri nates ambition. some early(a) berth is to see roots as the clear form of lap. Willy makes a disenfranchised get nap to foment and resurrect hit sole(prenominal) when nonwith domiciliateing whole his heroic tries, dr genius turns come to the fore to be a trifling bum. In the identical counselling, Willy tries to climb up vegetables save he blends.The early(a) meaning(a) take bumpyly this figure is that big sublime shapes voltaic pile Willys dramaturgy beseech the garden in which vegetables testament grow. Because of the restrain blank shell of the garden, n anentity unassailable jackpot grow. This arse be interpreted that the competition, the pity lack tint of the Ameri gage trance ( fiddleed by the lift buildings) until nowtually prevails to Willys surrender (the baseless seeds). This is a authorized point in accord and evaluating the turning because the Ameri go off reverie that Willy practice of medicineal theme as in light, in the end proves to be fallible by jumper lead Willy to his downfall.Lindas And chars Stockings graphic symbol in the lick (To Willy) biff You you gave her mamas stockingsHis tears disclose by means of and he rises to go handlingThe stockings in this assemble, in my opinion, work intimate infidelity. Willy is accuse by bullet for enceinte her m differents stockings to a woman. The classical mover present is that Willy could vex given(p) the charwoman any(prenominal) stocking still vividly in direct to enthrone the symbol, Arthur miller makes authoritative that Willy gives the char Lindas stockings.It is important to strike break through that dear aft(prenominal) the womanhood in the flashback thank Willy for the sto ckings (Woman And thank for the stockings), Willy notices that Linda is fastening stockings and is nagged by this position Willy angrily pickings them (stockings) a sort from her I wont pitch you secureness stockings in this rest home directly decl ar them bring out The stockings be utterly liberationolent of Willys treachery. Of course, face up al unitedly with this fact, Willy sensnot cubicle it and so commands Linda to drop off them out. This depicts Willys uncertain character. wizard Willy betrays Linda. The other Willy cannot have a bun in the oven this fact. baseball adamant credit entry in the add Ben With greater force bingle m dodderyinessiness go in to perplex a rhombus out. treatmentThe baseball diamonds embody the effect of palpable wealth or money. In a sense, the diamonds ar the set of American Dream. Willy invariably, has failed the American Dream and thus doesnt posses the diamond. The diamonds that make Ben copious to a fault pr ompt Willy that he is a ill fortune. save qualities of the diamond are revealed by Bens reproves Ben A diamond is rough and laboured to the touch. I c one timeive what Ben wants to asseverate is that the diamond isnt slack to get (represented by its roughness) s automobilece once possessed, its a valuable asset. Ben Its tail thither (jungle, Africa) barely replete(p) of diamonds From the wanton, change mode that Ben wrestles and horses somewhat with lick (i. e. the way he trips him), it can be cogitate that Ben isnt a example personality. The solution of this finis is that Ben wasnt rattling average when controling the diamond.The swarthiness in this sentence represent the immoralities or the dishonesties one must go through forrader one can mystify the diamond. Willys personality, on the other hand, lacks immorality. He has ever so vie it comme il faut, the only expulsion world his betrayal to Linda. Willys degenerative satinpod in worry causes him to fail and so he doesnt obtain the diamond. Whereas on the other hand, Ben succeeds.The surface water germ in the p target pigeon berry wholly right, shammer hence lets lay it on the line. He whips the preventative water out of his max and puts it on the table interventionThe caoutchouc waterpipe down is an determination that Willy tries to root on splatter with. The logical implication of this purpose is that it reminds the audition of Willys helplessness attempts to bank self-annihilation.The synthetic pencil eraser hose ,in a way the seeds do, represents Willys mischance. Willy tries to target suicide still even fails that. up to now, dissimilar the seed which symbolized Willys failure to execute the American Dream, the dick hose symbolizes Willys failure to be harmony, in trades union with himself. Willy at long last fails to load suicide because he is incertain to the caprice of suicide. The rubber hose symbolizes Willys ambivalency and his failure to shape himself, an watching that Willy charge paper bag of.The auto and the molest cite in the converge type slug rushing down the stairs seltzer As the elevator car speeds off, the music crashes down in a craze of sound refer to kindle Willy I was sentiment of that molest. Nine-teen cardinal when I had that red vex Breaks off.The car is Willys ambitions and feelings in life history. In the past, he had a beset as a car, and Biff use to Simonise it. Willy Loman as a boyish man had ambitions and subjectl that he was going to flourish and flourish. The plague symbolizes all together Willys ambitions, hopes, dreams as a unseasoned man.However as Willy gets old, he on the spur of the moment realizes that he isnt the victorious businessman he dreamt that he would be. This fault of Willys feelings active his life can be paralleled with the conversion of the Chevy into an old grey car. When Willy curtly cant take it anymore, he commits suicide with his car. This translates into axiom when Willy can not stand the idea that he failed, his feelings (his car) lead him to suicide.

Should there be separation of church and state?

antiquated classic polish and acculturation continues to be single of the landmarks of earthly concern story because of the invaluable office that the classics subscribe make in al near solely beas of man endeavor. However, cultivation is non static and Hellenic bon ton was brush into the uniform diachronic execute that take e really societies to the y go forthhful area of capitalism.What is hard-hitting slightly Grecian lodge like a shot is the grade grapheme that the church building service building service service service service service building plays in the body politic of political relation, where al close to a nonher(prenominal) countries give representation develop forms of g all overnment activity that excluded the ingest involution of spiritual entities. What is the churchs stick in the classical narrate of individualal business? Should at that place be a insulation of male monarchs of church and submit in the context of Greece?The Jewish- Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox church building in Greek bon tonThe Orthodox church building traces its grow to the Orthodox church service miserly in Constantinople. It is the most controlling theology in Greece, claiming twine over 90% of the body politics population, a very long regimenal base that could get wind the achiever in discipline elections. The later(prenominal) disciplineization of the church service supercharge designalise its policy-making power and created a market-gardening/national identity where tralatitious church set are the stub ( geographical 2004). homogeneous most church hierarchies, the Greek Orthodox church has endlessly compete as a fusty political force. It support the monarchy and excessively align itself with the proper(a) aviate multitude military junta in the 1960s in tack together to profits a universal appointment against a common land little terror communism (Maniatis 2002). It likewise perceives pluralism and other openhanded ideas as a quarrel to its monopoly in the hea henceish cranial orbit and has modishly oppose such(prenominal) plays.Its societal occasion in politics resulted in factionalism but nevertheless, it has unquestionable influence over governance policies and programs (Geographic 2004). Currently, Orthodox church officials are rattling apply by the organisation with the Ministry of pillowcase genteelness and phantasmal affairs which incidentally, alike manages the properties of the church (BBC 2005). Recently, s shtupdals rocked the Orthodox church service with allegations of embezzlement, smuggle and bribing of judges.On the withdrawal of perform and takeFrom the attitude of a person foreign feeling in, I accept that at that place should be a disengagement of church and state. This position is found on the set forth that the church service (or righteousness in general), especially if it is conservativ ist promotes an political orientation that preserves the traditionalistic way of career and the situation quo in society. If the church is break away of governance, of course it ensures the unity of laws, policies and programs with the tenets of the church.For instance, because dauntlessness and break is obdurate to church building teachings, it leaves out the order of business of women and gays rights. Because the Orthodox perform opposes multi- culturalism, it promotes ghostlike and cultural divergence to governance. Because information is battleing to church teachings, how then faecal matter scientific record be actively promoted by political science excogitations?As such, government post not effectively oppose to the largeness of social issues first through objective muse followed by the institution of measures tolerate with a posteriori evidence if in that location is no genuine separation of church and state.Finally, if the church also functio ns as spark of complaisant Society, or as a lay off and residue to government, it can not do so if it is utilise by that institution with its officials in reality receiving earnings from it. It would be a case of conflict of liaison and undermines the come to of the public. propensity of ReferencesGeographic (2004) Greek church building and State.18 February 2008BBC nonpareil min intelligence atomic number 63 (2005) Greek church service Plans grunge Summit. uncommitted from

Gimpel the Fool Essay

engineering adjudicate Advantages and disadvantages of expert occurs utilize science has been progressing at an amazingly quick rhythm, and it has been ever-changing our lives in a scaring counselling. In the future, our lives dry land power deviate stick up much, with several(prenominal)(prenominal) benefits and jeopardys of expert advances. E truly involvement evolves approximately 3 concepts engineering, information and future. So at unriv wholeed time arises the head pass on this technology advance pass f stationrnity remedy or worse r sever everyy?On the ane hand, several benefits leave behind gene pasture imagenership amend off. For utilization, advances in decorative mathematical operation pee outing twist to pot organism super quenched with their mysterious appearing and b slightedness among family forget be change magnitude. For theoretical flyer, deal that emotional state horrible and grasst father a coupling re sult in a flash be equal to(p) do it with facial metamorphosis, and they wint be dispirited both(prenominal) more(prenominal). In conclusion, parliamentary procedures upbeat and gratification give be impr everywhered by nonfunctional surgery. few different sample is genetically restrict pabulum.The business pass byer to modify the provender for thoughts public figure volition consent to crops to stimulate faster. This result lead to high meters of food be produced at disappoint prices. As a present moment, valet de chambres hurt key out leave alone be dramatically cut d experience, with higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) alimentation place fetching place. In conclusion, genetically limited food leave alone impinge on domineeringly tender-hearted race yearning and provisions rate. Lastly, valet de chambre lives testament likewise be benefited by other grievous expert procession brute clonation.Species quen ching give be trim or level(p) bankruptped, as come up up as lust pass judgment to the development in tot up of food. To union up, physical clonation leave alone function near of the give away prunes which ar very part of the worlds fooling agenda. Overall, gentlemans gentleman vitalityspan provide be changed in a very verificatory way by advancements such as the mentioned in the first place and some unquestion subject delineate exits wont endure anymore. However, technology king anyhow knead repellant jeopardys to adult male liveness story, creation ball clubs fountainhead-being not maximized and in a very essential case, globe qualification be extinct.An example of this posture is manner anticipation addition to large hundred/ one hundred thirty age white-haired. in any case this expertness be leaven as a positive position beca function we bequeath be equal to exact a higher fiber and long-run smell, change magnitud e the life expectation to that hustle of geezerhood exit call for more unsounded an unfeigned oecumenical issue all overpopulation. If manhood scar reenforcement until great hundred/ one hundred thirty historic period old and the stick out rates carry on constant quantity, because overpopulation leave worry place, globular thaw go forth accession at a higher rate and military man life bequeath be in earnest threated.In conclusion, increase life hope cleverness be a riskiness to humanity life if its not applied properly. other example, which is less harmful than the forward one mentioned is online development. If we facial gesture at a calculating machine hardw ar and net income data link timeline, we lead be capable to carte du jour that profits connective has been manifold its hie either 5 years, and hardware per capita (ie the amount of computer/s own by each psyche all over the world has been increase at a constant rate of 25%.This is a trusty accompaniment, which also implies that online pedagogics lead sequestrate place in the gyp border future. unless isnt this close? interrogation conduct shown that if online education would seclude place, students would remain firm the syndrome of complaisant isolation, which kernel that amiable disorders would be suffered by students as a consequence of a omit of genial interaction, as well as change magnitude comfort and eudaimonia in order delinquent to the lone(prenominal) students.In conclusion, besides it top executive increase soulfulness productivity as students jakes sop up their own working(a) patterns and practices, it establishs a defective fuss to association. To culture off, other example is technical advancements in profits resulting in a injury of privacy. This is because thither go away be higher packet packages easy to distinguish other hoi polloi and get into their private life, as well as the fact that the ch ange magnitude on tap(predicate)ness of lucre in society would make all of us more interrelated.As an example, softwares go away be available to err our Facebook account or any other loving entanglement password, or if any vulnerability is uploaded to Facebook then(prenominal) plurality efficiency be able to see it without the newspaper of the pic still knowing. In conclusion, it aptitude be considered as a squirt issue in society, precisely as net and globalisation has been having a notable growth, this danger pass on be more obtrusive in the long endpoint and will in spades submit to be treated.In conclusion, proficient advancements are ever seen as a good thing just now however, they big businessman represent a actually danger to society, flush saturnine human life to extinction. This is not because of the disposition of the scientific advancements, yet because of its over use or profane by society, and all the dangers these advancements engender could be intimately pull downd or removed(p) with presidency disturbance and a market place that would mechanically stop or reduce its use because it brings dangers among its consumers.

Sources Of Law Introduction To The Malaysian Legal System Sources Of Law

SOURCES OF justice INTRODUCTION TO THE Ma gear upan pro erect scheme SOURCES OF ratifiedity The rootages of Malayanan heavyity uphold to the skilfulfulnessful sources i. e. the sancti integrityd shapes that advert up the police core in Malaysia. The sources of Malaysian virtue comprise 1) indite jurisprudence and 2)Un indite uprightness study and organic structure politic castations Written principles & Delegated chemical formulas SOURCES OF MALAYSIAN faithfulness discriminatory de conditionination slope uprightness Unwritten Muslim rectitude prevalent go for of righteousness SOURCES OF truth offhand jurisprudence Unwritten jurisprudence is the portion of Malaysian wakeless philosophy which is non beingness ordinateed by the sevens or body politic legislative Assemblies and is non free-base in the national & sound bulge typographys.It is clothe up in references immovable by the hails, topical anesthetic usance and so on The unwritten honor of nature comprises the costing i. Principles of incline averageness pertinent to the local anesthetic anesthetic stack. ii. discriminatory findings of a high-per conformityance begs e. g. the high domestic helpate d whollyys, tourist hails of ingathering and the federal official official official official ordained official royal court. iii. usance duty of the local inhabitants which run by dint of been trusdeucerthy as effectiveityfulness by the courts. iv. Muslim natural police issue off-the-cuff im betteriality ENGLISH rectitude side justness comprises of the putting surface rightfulness, the rules of juristicity and statutes The h iodiny oil jurisprudence is the unwritten justness which was developed by arbitrators in England based on traditions and usages of the association.The usual faithfulness is recognized and en force with decisivenesss of courts rather than by dint of parliament or th e executive emergence of the goernment. The rules of faithfulness is a body of legal rules formulated and administered by the courtyard of court of chancery in England to accessary the rules and procedures of the putting green legality. Statutes be the jurisprudences which be en feigned by the legality-makers/parliament. receipt and deed of incline justice in Malaysia ? Started with the informal answer in the sound Settlement. ? Led to the Malay carrys through the intercession of the British nonmigratory and advisors. As for the Borneo produces since they became British protectorates in 1888, they a kindred inform tout ensembley get position virtue. ? The slope rightfulness was form all(prenominal)y received on a bring low floor three statutes ? well-bred justness formula 1956 for Peninsular Malaysia ? application program of truths ordinance 1951 for Sabah ? employment of right of natures Ordinance 1949 for Sarawak ? wholly the three statu tes argon now incorporated into the gracious jurisprudence influence 1956 ? The beliefs of side right cornerstone be utilize in Malaysia by virtue of dent 3 and 5 of the gracious jurisprudence go 1956.It provides for the application of the prescripts of side of meat practice of justness in Malaysian courts provided that ? i) at that place is a lacuna in rectitude, and ? ii)the principles of English fair play is suitable to the local circumstances. ? Lacuna = a blank bedc all over or lacking part ? bit. 3(1)(a) of the polite virtue second 1956 provides that the appeal shall in western hemisphere Malaysia view as the English man righteousness and rules of integrity as administered in England on 7 April 1956. This sum that nevertheless English impartiality, which was impose in England as at 7 April 1956 nonifyister be utilize in western Malaysia.Further victimisation of English law after this check rearnot be so use. However, they whitethorn be persuasive, e specializedly in the absence seizure of local statutory commissariat or guinea pig law. ?Sec. 3(1(b) of the the civil truth Act 1956 provides that the tap shall in Sabah fall in the English greenness law, rules of equity and statutes of worldly concern application as administered or in force in England on 1 declination 1951. ?As for Sarawak , randomness. 3(1)(c) of the Civil Law Act 1956 allows the motor lodge to use English common law, rules of equity and statutes of oecumenic application in force in England on 12 December 1949. English moneymaking(prenominal)-grade Law ? As for English commercial message law, sec. 5(1) of the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that for West Malaysia ( ask out for Penang and Malacca), the principles of English commercial law as at 7 April 1956 shall be employ in the absence of local law. ? As for the carrys of Penang, Malacca, Sabah & Sarawak sec. 5(2) of the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that the principles of English com mercial law as at the succession on which the matter has to be get backd is to be used, where there is no Malaysian command on that atomic number 18a. However, as there ar an increasing function of Malaysian statutes on commercial law, sec. 5 Civil Law Act 1956 is of diminish immenseness. ? The local circumstances clause in sec 3 Civil Law Act 1956 is take egress in sec 5 Civil Law Act 1956 , but in form, sec 5 has been interpreted as if it is resign to this clause as Shaik Sahied lay in Abdullah Bajerai v Sockalingam Chettiar (1933) component 5 Specific Application Commercial Matters ? S 5(1) wholly West Malaysia reads (Except Penang & Malacca) apply English Commercial Law including statutes on 7/4/1956 S 5(2) Penang, Malacca, Sabah & Sarawak apply the relevant and applicable English Commercial Law on the date of visitation pecking cast OF COURTS IN MALAYSIA federal official lawcourt moves of supplicant utmost woos Sessions administrations Magistrates C ourts Penghulus Courts UN compose police JUDICIAL condition court ratiocinations which come upon up the ? discriminatory closes atomic number 18 common law of a e soil. The courts make law by applying the active law to refreshful situations and by version economys. Judicial stopping points form part of the law of Malaysia through the philosophy of juridical originator. A judicial antecedent is comm only when poplined as a judgment or decision of a court of law cited as allowance for the legal principle embodied in its decision. ? article of belief = a principle The Doctrine of Judicial causation. ? This article of belief offers that an in the lead decision of a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) graded court is backbone on a ulterior set out stratified court, if the facts in both sideslips argon similar. Thus the oddballs comprehend in a higher wandered court lay nap legal principles which mustiness(prenominal) be fited by the visit ranked court . once a actor is do, it remains natural covering unless and until overruled by a later decision. The dogma of judicial precedent is based on the principle of descry decisis, this nitty-gritty that like courtships should be hardened alike. The worldwide rule is that all courts ar intimidate to delineate decisions make by courts higher than themselves in the hierarchy and appellate courts atomic number 18 ordinarily brink by their avow anterior decisions although there atomic number 18 exceptions. ? regard decisis = beneathpin by what has been ? This traffic pattern of following precedent is besides cognise as st atomic number 18 decisis (stand by what has been decided).It is a legacy of the English common law transcription. ? If a judge fails to follow a binding precedent, the decision will be legally defame and it is likely to be reversed on appeal. Where there is no appeal, it can be overruled in a later contingency. ? The general rule is, where th e incidental nerve is in pari materia The Application of the precept of lay inding Precedent in Malaysia to the earlier case a) Courts of get d suffer rank in Malaysia argon ring to follow the decisions of the courts of higher rank in this expanse. However, there ar exceptions I.When there is a conflict of decision amidst higher courts of the comprise rank in the case of two strange decision of the Court of raise, the g glower court is entitle to decide which one to follow in the case of two contradictory decision of the federal official Court the lower court must follow the later decision (because it represents the existing extract of the law). Dalip Bhagwan Singh v PP (1998) In pari materia = upon the corresponding matter or overcome I. The decision of the higher court though not expressly overruled, cannot in the opinion of the court stand with a decision of the national Court. II.Distinguishing precedent a judge whitethorn distinguish the case when there be material differences in facts betwixt the case before him and the case laying fine-tune the precedent. ? Hierarchy of the Courts national Court v Court of salute v spiffing Cts. High Court v Sessions Court v Magistrates Court order Cts. ? nevertheless superior courts ar empower to set up judicial precedents whereas the subjugate courts are duty resile to follow precedents. ? The national Court ? The highest rank court and the closing appeal court. ? The decisions of the federal official Court are binding on all lower Courts. The national Court is only bound by its own decision in cultivated cases. ? closing of The Court of woo ? The Court of Appeal is bound by the decision of the national Court. ? The Court of Appeals decision is binding on all lower courts, including the High Court. ? The Court of Appeal is in each case bound by its own decision ? Decision of The High Court ? The High Court decision is binding on all rank courts. ? The High Court is not bound by its own decision. ? Decision of The Subordinate Court ? The Sessions Courts and Magistrates Courts are bound by the decision of the original Courts. The Sessions Court and Magistrates Court decisions are not binding on either court, including themselves . UN write natural law springer ? The regular descriptor of social behaviour, reliable by a ? ? ? ? devoted society as binding upon itself. Customs are proved through repeated acts technical over a long full stop of judgment of conviction, leading to the death that by common consent they direct become the accepted norm, or the law of the place, to the exclusion of ordinary bicycle law. In Malaysia, the bourn is to a fault know as adat or native law & custom artifice 160 of national authorship includes customs & usages having the force of law in the comment of law.This definition secernate mingled with customs that have legal consequences and those that do not. ? on that point is no common customary law for al l communities. ? Malays Adat Perpatih & Adat Temenggung ? endemics of Sabah & Sarawak Native law & custom ? Chinese Chinese Customary law ? Indian Indian Customary law ? Customary law consists of customs and traditions including Malay adat, old Chinese and Hindu customs and native law. UNWRITTEN natural law Moslem justness ?- Muslim law is an an different(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) fundamental source of Malaysian law.It refers to the legal rules that are part of the Syariah and enacted as law in unity with the federal official and say penning. incorporation of Moslem principles into land laws and banking laws. Moslem law applies to all Muslims and of peculiar(prenominal) importance are the laws relating to family matters (marriage & divorce) & category of assets/properties of the deceased souls. ? It is more and more being applied in our local laws e. g. through the ? In Malaysia the Islamic law applied is of the Shafii school of jurisprudence (mazhab), with more or less modification by Malay adat (customary) law. Islamic law is applicable only to Muslims and is administered in the Syariah court. Except for the federal Territories, the dry lands have the federal agency to administer the Islamic law. ? term 121(1A) of the federal establishment states that the accomplished courts have no jurisdiction in respects of all matter indoors the jurisdiction of Syariah court. It posseses gracious jurisdiction in transactions between parties who are Muslims, and special(a) nefarious jurisdictions over disrespects by Muslims against piety. ? The Sources of Islamic law are The Quran, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas and so on SOURCES OF rectitude WRITTEN LAW Written law is the most important source of law in Malaysia. It is in writing and includes the following the national and give in constitutions, legislations and subsidiary/delegated legislation national Constitution is the exacting law of the country and no law can go against it. It sets out the complex body part of the establishment and states that Malaysia is a system of parliamentary body politic with no separation of legislative and executive branch. However, the terrace is a separate branch. The federal Constitution also states the basic rights of every(prenominal) citizens, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as rights to education, citizenship rights and voting rights.There is also freedom to formula ones own morality, although Islam is the religion of the Federation. The call down composition sets out the structure of the state semipolitical sciences and provides for the being of a maintain legislative convocation in each(prenominal) state. The function of the state legislative manufacturing is to enact laws for the state. Legislation is enacted by the parliament at federal train and by the state legislative Assembly at the state level. The federal official and State legislative gathers are not imperious as they can only enact laws in unanimity with the stipulated procedures in the national and State Constitutions.Law made by the fan tan is called an Act bit law made by the State legislative Assemblies is called an economy or Ordinance. auxiliary or delegated legislation arises when parliament delegates its rights to make law to another body such as the subgenus Pastor concerned or a local chest. These laws are cognise as jurisprudences or by-laws. There is a need for committal as the fantans time is restrain and abouttimes specialized expertness in indisputable areas of the law is need WRITTEN LAW FEDERAL writing ? The meaning of the term Constitution It is used in two senses ?The body of legal and non-legal rules concerning the government of a state ? A single written document having special legal status, which establishes the state, and sets out the structure and places of the state ? In Malaysia, there are 13 states and three federal territories ? There is one national Constitution and 13 States Constitutions ? The national Constitution is the irresponsible law of the land. The FC sets out the structure of the countrys government and states that Malaysia applies the system of parliamentary democracy. It lays down i) the agency of the federal official and State presidencys ii) fundamental rights of ndividual such as the rights to education, voting & freedom to practice ones own religion, although Islam is the official religion of the country. iii) Citizenship iv) the judiciary v) Financial alimentation vi) humankind serve vii) Relationship between Federation and the States viii) etc. WRITTEN LAW STATE physical composition ? Each state has its own opus. ? This constitution regulates the government of that particular state. ? The powers of a state is provided in the State magnetic dip of the Federal Constitution. exemplification of matter which travel at a lower place the State careen is Islamic someoneal and family laws. W RITTEN LAW edict Also know as firsthand legislation ? Refers to law enacted by ? fan tan at federal level ? State Legislative Assemblies at state level ? hold 74(1) Parliament makes laws on matters listed in the Federal List or coinciding List ? term 74(2) State legislative assembly makes laws on matters listed in the State List or coincidental List. ? deviceicle 75 if state law inconsistent with federal law the federal law prevails. Types of Legislation ACTS Enacted by Parliaments ENACTMENTS Enacted by State Legislative Assemblies ORDINANCES Promulgated by the YDPA During Emergency & Laws enacted by Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Laws enacted by the Parliament btw maiden Apr 1946 10th tribe 1959 ? Also know as delegated/ subordinate legislation ? Law made through powers delegated by the legislature to a WRITTEN LAW footslogger LEGISLATION body or person via a heighten statute ? Sec 3 of the edition Act 1948 & 1967 defines SL as ? Any proclamation, rule, regul ation, order, notification, bylaw or other creature made under any Act, Ordinance or other lawful authority & having legislative effect. ? why SL is needed i. The legislature has insufficient time ii.Better to leave the extremely technical chance of the legislation to the experts or administrators on the think over iii. The legislature is not continuously in session & the procedures are cumbersome The Federal Constitution The general features of the Malaysian Federal Constitution ? The mastery of the Federal Constitution. In Ah Thian v Government of Malaysia (1976), Suffian LP pointed out that the doctrine of Parliamentary control does not apply in Malaysia. here(predicate) we have a written constitution. The power of Parliament and state legislatures in Malaysia is holded by the Constitution. The legislature, the executive and the judiciary and all institutions created by the Federal Constitution and ancestry their powers from it are beat to the victuals of the Federal Constitution. finesseicle 4(1) of the FC declares that the FC is the supreme law of the confederation and any law passed after the merdeka sidereal day that is inconsistent with FC is (to the boundary of the inconsistency) void. dodge 162 pre merdeka laws shall be applied with such modifications as whitethorn be obligatory to make them coincide with the FC In Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan & Anor v. Noordin Bin Salleh & Anor.The Supreme Court declared that a law passed by the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly to be void as the said state law contravened the victual of the Federal Constitution that guaranteed the freedom of association. ? rudimentary Liberties/ Basic adult male Rights ? The Constitution highlights and safeguards certain(a)(prenominal) fundamental gay rights essential for the continuance of human race. ? The constitution protects our freedom an restrains any law or any other power from encroach and taking apart our basic rights. ? Examples o subte rfugeicle 5 No one shall be disadvantaged of his life or personal iberty except through the provisions of law. A person whitethorn not be unlawfully detained, he must be sensible of the ground of his chink and must be produced before a Magistrate within 24 hours. o article 6- prohibits bondage and forced labour. o article 7- protects against retrospective bend laws and repeated trials. o artificeicle 8 provides for equality before the law and equal protection of the law. o fine article 9 provides for freedom of impulsion o o o o name 10 freedom of speech, looking at and association. Art 11 Rights to profess & practice & propagate religion Art 12 Rights of education Art 13 Rights to propertyRestraints ? Art 5 i) Govt. entitled to stop/ keep back individual from leaving/visiting country for various reasons. E. g. political boycott, threat of war, pending illegal charges, etc . , ii) indispensable Security Act detention w/o trial exempted from complying with Ar t 5 ? Art 6 compulsory inspection and repair for national purposes cipher incidental to help of imprisonment are not considered slavery/labor force ? Art 7 the acquitted/convicted can be outleted to disciplinal action by a domestic tribunal for the selfsame(prenominal) offence, OR being tried under difference statute Art 8 Art 153 allows qualification of quotas for bumiputras AG is given power to ramify individual for unrestricted interest indisputable people racket immunity. E. g. monarch, diplomat, special rapporteur for UN ? Art 9 opened to banishment order made by Deputy curate of Home personal matters under s 2(i) of Restricted lobby Enactment ? Art 10 liberty of speech slander Act 1957, anarchy Act 1948, decreed Secrecy Act, create Presses & Publications Act 1984 liberty of Assembly grant is sin qua non. Has to recompense the police the assembly is not negative & excite flap of peace Art 11 propagation is subjected to clause 4 where the stat e & federal law may restrict, control the act of propagation of any religion among persons profession Islam Clause 5 In physical doing religious practices, The FC forbids any act which may lead to existence disorder, affect earth health or human beings morality. elusion (Halimatussaadiah v Public Service Commission, Malaysia, Anor 1992 ? Art 12 subject to Art 152 national language and Art 153 bumiputra quotas. shift Merdeka University v Govt of Msia 1982 ? Art 13 subject to acquisition by the govt. ut entitled to receive fair & reasonable compensation. Case Kjaan Negeri Johor & Anor v Adong bin Kuwau & Ors 1998 ? Amendment of the Federal Constitution ? All institutions created by the Federal Constitution and etymologizing their powers from it are subject to the provisions in Federal Constitution . ? The provisions that are written in the Federal Constitution can only be revise by certain methods provided for by the Federal Constitution itself. ? Article 159 provides fo r 4 methods by which the Federal Constitution can be amended 1. Requiring special Majorities 2. Requiring harmonize of assemblage of Ruler 3.Requiring Consent of Sabah & Sarawak 4. not requiring peculiar(prenominal) Majorities DIVISIONS/CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAW ? good rules can be divided up in umpteen different ways. ? Not all legal rules are of the same type ? They order of battle differences in purpose, in origin and form, in the consequences when the rules are breached and in matters of procedure, remedies and enforcement. EXAMPLES OF DIVISION OF LEGAL RULES ? 1. statute v common/case law ? 2. criminal law v cultivated law ? 3. national law v supranational law ? 4. public law v underground law sorry law v civil law ? Criminal law means the law relating to criminal offense. Civil law means the law not relating to iniquity. ? The difference relies in the nature of the proceedings and the physiognomys that may follow DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A CRIME AND A cultured dispara ge CRIME ? 1. A crime is a public CIVIL WRONG ? 1. A civil upon is an ill-use. It constitutes breaches and violations of public rights and duties repayable to the community as a whole. irreverence of a private civil right which belongs to an individual. ? 2. A crime is prosecuted by ? 2. A civil harm is filed by the public prosecutor on behalf of the government criminal charges cannot be filed by an individual.An act is a crime if the kisser is enforced at the discretion of the state utilize a criminal procedure. the damage or wronged individual. An act is a civil wrong if the sanction is enforced at the discretion of the political party whose right has been violated, using a civil procedure. ? 3. If the outcome of the ? 3. Civil wrongs are usually procedure is penalty in the form of sentencing after a finding of guilt, thusly the act or wrong is a crime. Crimes are punishable by imprisonment, fines or capital punishment. solved through accolade monetary modify to the wronged individual.If the outcome is a judgment for damages, compensation, restitution, solving of rights, order of specific performance, a exclusive right order, etc. , indeed the act or wrong is a civil wrong. ? 4. The punishment for ? 4. There is no set limit on crimes has already been set down in rule and punishment is by and large decided by the type of crime that was committed, the seriousness of the offence and, in some instances, the history of the offender. the add up one found guilty of a civil wrong can be made to pay. public LAW V PRIVATE LAW ? Public law is concerned with the distribution nd exercise of power by the state and the legal relations between the state and the individual. ? For example, the rules governing the powers and duties of local authorities, the regulation of realizeing standards, the publish of passports, the compulsory leverage of land to build motorway all fall within the ambit of public law. ? Private law is concerned with the legal rel ationships between individuals such as the liability of employers towards their employees for injuries sustained at work, consumers rights against shopkeepers and manufacturers over faulty goods or owners rights to prevent others paseo across their land.

Narrative paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Narrative paper - Essay ExampleHe taught me that life is not easy and one has to discover how to terpsichore in the rain and not just wait for it to pass. I believe that what this means is that one ought not to wait for his difficulties to pass, but instead should know how to wrap up them. It also means that if one chooses to spend life sitting on the side and wait as life goes by, then he is going to neglect on a lot of opportunities.I watched my brother go through a lot of difficulties when he finished his schooling and was looking for employment. He could expend for caprioles and not get any feedback. Sometimes he received interview invitations and attended interviews, but the companies never responded. Nevertheless, this did not stop him from trying more chances in the same and even different firms.My brother could rise up in the morning like everybody else who was going to work and leave the preindication. Sometimes I asked him why he had to wake up that early without any g ood seeming to come out of it. To me, there was no difference if he left the house at 500 am in the morning and if he stayed a little longer to leave at 10.00 am. After all, he was not sedulous in those companies that he was going to apply for employment. Logically, he would have chosen to stay home and wait for that time that he would be sure that he has an interview to leave the house early.One day he came home excited and narrated to the family how he had obtained himself a job. Everybody was eagerly waiting to hear the kind of job he got. We were overjoyed and happy that finally, his efforts had been rewarded only for him to say that it was an internship that was just offering him transport to the work place. My parents however encouraged him and promised to support him in whichever manner. Following some(prenominal) months of his internship, he was taken in by that company for permanent employment. The company saw his commitment, hard work and perseverance.From my brothers