Global Warming Introduction Essay Essay

Many researchers, scientists, and environmentalists are expressing concerns ab turn up changes in the all all overall climate of the hide. approximately mean that a dramatically dangerous heating plant is taking place in the overall planetary climate, a problem that is referred to as spherical warming. This paper will attempt to explore this very issue.mood is defined as the analysis of accumulated weather data for long term patterns and trends. The Oxford Reference dictionary defines change as, To make or become different. Climate change is in that respectfore defined as long weather patterns and trends becoming different over an extended period of time. For example, if the modal(a) temperature in Kalamazoo, Michigan over the 20th century is epoch-makingly higher or lower than the average temperature in Kalamazoo, Michigan over the 19th century, this would be an example of climate change.Changes in climate can issuing from both born(p) events and human activities. E xamples of natural causes of climate change are volcanic eruptions, variations in the earths sphere around the sun, and variations in solar output (Ahrens, 485-491). Examples of human-induced causes of climate change include industrial pollutants and fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116), warming of average annual temperatures payable to urbanization (Eichenlaub, 163), and changes in the earths albedo due to deforestation of tropical rainforests (Geiger, 320). Climate change in the context of this paper refers to changes that military issue from human activities, especially as these changes relate to the issue of global warming. Of special importance is the glasshouse gas tack together which is defined as, The housing of thermal emissions from the earths surface by human-induced greenhouse gases (He). If global warming is indeed happening, it is the greenhouse gas effect that is believed to be the most responsible.There are some scientists who do not believe that there is enough evidenc e to support the idea of global warming. They cite that concerns about global warming develop been blown well out of proportion by the media. At the same time, other scientists assert that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that industrial activities, automobile emissions, and technological pollutants may eventually solvent in dangerous (and even deadly) trends in the overall global climate. This paper will attempt to report this concern by analyzing some of the scientific studies that strike been published in major meteorology journals.Our cash dispenser consists of many gases. Some of these gases, such as ascorbic acid dioxide and water vaporisation, naturally absorb long-wave radiation that is emitted from the earths surface. Short-wave solar radiation enters the earths atmosphere and is absorbed by the earths surface. This radiation is then recycled and emitted as long wave terrestrial radiation. Gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb this radiation, h old it in the atmosphere, and keep the temperature of the earth warmer than it would otherwise be if there wasnt an atmosphere. This is what meteorologists refer to as the natural greenhouse effect (Mower).Problems could potentially arise, however, when human activities add extra trace gases into the atmosphere that also absorb out-going long-wave radiation. These additional trace gases include methane, chlorofloro carbons, nitrous oxide, aerosols, ozone, and carbon dioxide. The result is an increment in the amount of long-wave radiation that is being trapped by the atmosphere. It is believed that this could eventually increase the average overall global temperature.Carbon dioxide is considered the trace gas of greatest importance because of the substantial increase in its atmospheric concentration as well as its probable continued rise due to global consumption of fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116). It is clear from looking at the evidence that carbon dioxide concentrations are increasin g dramatically in the atmosphere. Observations of carbon dioxide concentrations are available for several locations. Over the period of 1973 to 1982, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide in Barrow, Alaska rose steadily from 332.6 parts per cardinal (ppm) to 342.8 parts per million (Geiger, 110-111).This is not isolated to Barrow, Alaska. Records from other locations, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are confirming that carbon dioxide concentrations are increasing in the atmosphere at a dramatic rate. Continuous instrument records for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations date back to the 1950s at the Mauna Loa observatory (Michaels, 1564). In 1958, the average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide was only 316 parts per million (ppm). Preindustrial carbon dioxide concentrations are believed to be 279 parts per million (Michaels, 1564), and the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in 1990 was 353 parts per million (Rhodes, 116). However, as one author points ou t, the fact that we are dealing with significant changes in carbon dioxide does not automatically mean that we are looking at a serious problem (Lindzen, 288). This author points out that carbon dioxide is a minor atmospheric constituent and as such, its variations might not be notably important. He goes on to say that there are a number of things that increasing levels of carbon dioxide could effect and influence, including in ways that are beneficial. For example, at altitudes of 25 km to 90 km, the atmosphere is cooled primarily by thermal radiation emitted to space by carbon dioxide. Increasing carbon dioxide should cool these regions, and this, in turn, should snuff it to increasing concentrations of ozone at these levels. Increasing carbon dioxide might also stimulate the growth of vegetation (Lindzen, 288-289). trance there are indeed some possible benefits to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, the main concerns have focused on the possibility that increa sing carbon dioxide might significantly warm our climate (Lindzen, 289). oneness author wrote that there is general agreement that increasing carbon dioxide will produce warming due to its ability to absorb in the infrared radiation (Lindzen, 289).There are studies that have indicated that no significant change in the overall global climate has yet taken place. For example, a study that was through with(p) by P. W. Spencer and J. R. Christy, using temperature records from the period of 1979 through 1990, showed a global trend of only +0.04 degrees Celsius per decade (Michaels, 1566). early(a) studies showed that the Northern Hemisphere has had no significant warming, while the Southern Hemisphere has had a slight temperature increase in the order of 0.2 degrees Celsius since the 1950s (Michaels, 1566). Patrick J. Michaels speculates that the reason that we have not seen a significant increase in temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere is because of the balancing effect of anthrop ogenerated sulfates going into the atmosphere as a result of industrial pollution. Anthropogenerated sulfates have a cooling effect on the atmosphere because of their ability to reflect inpouring solar radiation back to space. Michaels explains this in more detail when he writes, Because anthropogenerated sulfates are primarily produced and wait in the Northern Hemisphere, we may therefore be equaling the current enhanced greenhouse forcing with actual oppose forcing in the hemisphere that contains most of the worlds population (Michaels, 1573).This lead to the obvious question of whether or not the lack of a significant increase in global temperature should be taken as evidence that we should not be concerned about the issue. William W. Kellog of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado has written an article called retort to Skeptics of worldwide Warming in which he responds to many of the objections that have been raised against global warming. Kell og points out that five or so of the most advanced climate models, developed over a period of many years by top notch teams, have all come to essentially the same conclusion The global average surface temperature would probably rise by about 2 to 5 K if the greenhouse gas concentration were maintained at image the pre-industrial revolution level (Kellog, 500). Kellog suggests that the reason that we have not seen a change as of yet in the overall warming is because of a temperature lag of several decades due in queen-sized part to the large heat capacity of the oceans of the world (Kellog, 500). He asserts that the evidence is still in favor of the fact that, in the first place or later, a serious warming of the climate will occur.ReferencesAhrens, C. Donald. Meteorology Today An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, fifth Edition. newfound York West Publishing Company, 1995.Eichenlaub, Val L., Jay R. Haman, Fred V. Nurnberger, and Hans J. Stolle. The Climatic Atlas of Michigan. University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana, 1990.Geiger, Rudolf, Robert H. Aron, Paul Todhunter. The Climate some the Ground, 5th Edition. Braunschweig, Germany Friedr, Veiweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995.He, Chansheng. Classroom notes presented verbally in Natural Resource Management, GEOG 555. Western Michigan University, winter 1999.Kellog, William W. Response to Skeptics of Global Warming. Bulletin American Meteorology Society. Volume 74, Number 4 (April 1991), pp. 499-511.Oxford American Dictionary. Oxford University Press New York, 1980.Lindzen, Richard S. Some Coolness Concerning Global Warming. Bulletin American Meteorology Society. Volume 71, Number 3 (March 1990), pp. 288-299.Michaels, Patrick J. Global Warming A Reduced Threat? Bulletin American Meteorology Society. Volume 73, Number 10 (October 1992), pp. 1563-1577.Mower, R. Neil. Classroom notes presented verbally in Physical Meteorology, ESC 530. Central Michigan University, autumn 1996. Rhodes, Steven L. Climate and Environmental abasement of the Great Lakes. Journal of Environmental Systems. Volume 22, Number 2, pp. 105-122.